Abstract: An objective of the invention is to provide a power window switch apparatus for an automobile such that the circuit boards within the case which hold the electronic components could be soldered on one side only, thereby reducing production cost and making it easier to lead the wiring pattern around the boards despite the space limitations imposed by the car door. The freedom with which the circuit boards could be designed is also increased. Circuit boards are built into a case facing each other at right angles to the surface on which operating knobs are arranged in a row. This arrangement makes it easy to solder modular switches and wiring terminals of the connector to the circuit boards on one side only. It also makes it possible to increase the surface area of the circuit boards to the very limit of the height restriction imposed on the switch apparatus by the automobile door.

Abstract: A substrate processing apparatus comprises a processing part and a transferring part. In the processing part there are a plurality of stages in which a plurality of processing units are arranged in a row along a horizontal direction and the stages are arranged in a stack vertically. Thus, the processing units are arranged in matrix. The transferring part includes a plurality of horizontal transferring devices each movable in the horizontal direction and a vertical transferring device movable in the vertical direction. Hence, a substrate is movable both horizontally and vertically to be transferred to the desired processing unit.

Abstract: A quadrature modulator multiplies two carriers which are 90.degree. out of phase with each other by a sine component and a cosine component of a baseband signal, respectively, adds the product signals to each other, and amplifies the sum signal to produce a quadrature-modulated output signal. The quadrature modulator includes a phase comparator for detecting a phase distortion suffered when the sum signal is amplified, a first phase controller for correcting the phase of a single carrier generated by a carrier oscillator based on a compared phase output signal from the phase comparator, a phase difference detector for detecting the difference between 90.degree.

Abstract: A novel 4-cyanopiperidine derivative, which is represented by the following general formula (I): ##STR1## wherein X means a halogen atom, or an acid addition salt thereof, is prepared by reacting N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-4-carbamoylpiperidine or an acid addition salt thereof with a dehydrating and halogenating agent; or by reacting 4-cyanopiperidine or a salt thereof with a compound represented by the following general formula (IV):X--CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 --Y (IV)wherein X has the same meaning as defined above and Y denotes the same halogen atom as X or another halogen atom. The derivative is useful as intermediate for synthesis of quinuclidine derivative which is in turn useful as intermediate for the production of medicines, chemicals, etc.

Abstract: Improved process for the preparation of 7-(2-amino-2-phenyl-acetamido)cephem derivatives of the general formula (I): ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 is a hydrogwn atom or hydroxyl group, n stands for 0, 1 or 2, and A denotes a nitrogen-containing heterocyclic group or a direct bond coupling directly the sulfur atom and the --(CH.sub.2).sub.n COOH group together, as well as pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof. The process is not only simple and easy to carry out, but also provides as crystalline precipitate the intended products with a high yield. The 7-(2-amino-2-phenyl-acetamido)cephem derivatives are useful as intermediates for syntheses of antibacterial agents.

Abstract: 2-METHYL-3-PRENYL-4,5,6-TRIMETHOXYPHENOL OF THE FORMULA: ##STR1## wherein R represents a group of the formula: ##STR2## WHEREIN N IS AN INTEGER OF 0 TO 9 AND A and B represent hydrogen atom or A--B may form a bond,Is prepared by reacting 6-methyl-2,3,4-trimethoxyphenol with a prenol or isoprenol substituted by the group R as defined above in the presence of a complex catalyst comprising Lewis acid and a silica-alumina compound.