Abstract: A tread for a pneumatic tire in which air column resonance sound is reduced and wear of the groove fences and tread portion are caused to be approximately the same, while drainage performance is maintained, wherein a plurality of groove fences are formed and are installed within at least one circumferential groove, extending from the bottom of the circumferential groove, and block at least 70% of the cross-sectional area of the circumferential groove, and the bending parameter of the groove fences, defined as E·I/(h3l) (where E is the modulus at 10% elongation of the material used for the groove fences, I is the second moment of area of the groove fence, h is the height of the groove fence, and l is the width of the groove fence) is at least equal to 250 Pa and at most equal to 350 Pa.

Abstract: An encoder for stably detecting the amount of movement of an object. The encoder includes an LED for emitting light toward a rotor plate including slits. An optical sensor generates an ON signal when the amount of emitted light passing through the slits exceeds a threshold value. A current increasing circuit increases the amount of current flowing through the LED when the optical sensor generates an ON signal.

Abstract: A rotation angle detection apparatus for reducing power consumption. A magnetoresistance element generates first and second analog signals, which change cyclically and continuously each time a steering shaft is rotated by 60 degrees. A microcomputer determines the rotation angle of the steering shaft from the output value and number of cycles of the analog signals.

Abstract: An encoder for stably detecting the amount of movement of an object. The encoder includes an LED for emitting light toward a rotor plate including slits. An optical sensor generates an ON signal when the amount of emitted light passing through the slits exceeds a threshold value. A current increasing circuit increases the amount of current flowing through the LED when the optical sensor generates an ON signal.

Abstract: A rotation angle detector that is able to detect an absolute rotation angle of a detection body accurately and is able to reduce the installation space required. The rotation angle detector includes a first rotation angle detector connected to the detection body for generating a first detection signal having a cycle corresponding to the rotation of the detection body. The first rotation angle detector includes a first rotating body which is connected to the detection body and rotates together with the detection body. The detector includes a second rotation angle detector connected to the first rotation angle detector. The second rotation angle detector includes a second rotating body that rotates together with the first rotating body at a rate greater than that of the first rotating body, and generates a second detection signal having a cycle corresponding to the rotation of the second rotation body.

Abstract: A rotation angle detector that is able to detect an absolute rotation angle of a detection body accurately and is able to reduce the installation space required. The rotation angle detector includes a first rotation angle detector (15) connected to the detection body for generating a first detection signal having a cycle corresponding to the rotation of the detection body. The first rotation angle detector includes a first rotating body (13) which is connected to the detection body and rotates together with the detection body. The detector includes a second rotation angle detector (20) connected to the first rotation angle detector. The second rotation angle detector includes a second rotating body (16) that rotates together with the first rotating body at a speed greater than that of the first rotating body, and generates a second detection signal having a cycle corresponding to the rotation of the second rotating body.