Abstract: The invention provides a coated cutting tool made of cemented carbide in which a hard coating layer has excellent wear resistance in high-speed cutting operation, wherein (a) a crystal orientation hysteresis layer which consists of a carbonitride compound layer and (b) a hard coating layer which consists of a layer of nitride compound and has a well defined crystal orientation and/or degree of crystallinity are formed on the surface of a cemented carbide substrate, preferably on the surface of a tungsten carbide based cemented carbide or titanium carbonitride based cermet by physical vapor deposition, wherein the crystal orientation hysteresis layer is deposited between the surface of a cemented carbide substrate and the hard coating layer. In one specific example, (a1) the carbonitride compound layer has an average thickness of 0.05 to 0.5 ?m and is preferably a Ti—Al carbonitride compound layer expressed by the composition formula as (Ti1?XAlX)(N1?YCY), wherein X ranges from 0.05 to 0.

Abstract: A surface-coated cutting tool member exhibiting a superior tool life due to a hard coating layer thereof is provided. The surface-coated cutting tool member includes a tungsten carbide based cemented carbide substrate, a titanium carbonitride based cermet substrate, or a cubic boron nitride based sintered substrate; and a hard coating layer of a nitride compound containing titanium and yttrium, which is formed on a surface of the substrate using a physical vapor deposition method in an overall average thickness of 1 to 15 ?m.

Abstract: A surface-coated cutting tool member exhibiting a superior tool life due to a hard coating layer thereof is provided. The surface-coated cutting tool member includes a tungsten carbide based cemented carbide substrate, a titanium carbonitride based cermet substrate, or a cubic boron nitride based sintered substrate; and a hard coating layer of a nitride compound containing titanium and yttrium, which is formed on a surface of the substrate using a physical vapor deposition method in an overall average thickness of 1 to 15 ?m.

Abstract: To provide a transfer method of crude oil and naphtha, in which one piping is used to transfer the naphtha and crude oil to a storage tank from a carrying tank in batches. To use a piping 53 to transfer a naphtha 3 to tanks 6 for the naphtha from inboard tanks 11, a method comprises: connecting the piping 53 to the tanks 4 for the crude oil; calculating the amount of the crude oil 2 remaining in the piping 53 beforehand; discharging the naphtha 3 from the inboard tanks 11; measuring the discharge amount; and stopping the discharge of the naphtha 3, changing to the tanks 4 for the crude oil, and restarting the discharge of the naphtha 3 based on a flow analysis of a mixed fluid 7 including the crude oil 2 and naphtha 3 in the piping 53, when the discharge amount of the naphtha 3 is substantially the same as the pre-calculated amount of the remaining crude oil 2.

Abstract: A cutting tool has a surface-coated carbide alloy and a wear-resistant coating layer which has excellent adhesion and chipping resistance. The cutting tool has a surface-coated carbide alloy comprising: a tungsten carbide-based carbide alloy substrate having an amorphous layer formed by an arc ion plating surface treatment to an average depth of 1 to 50 nm from the surface; and a wear-resistant coating layer deposited physically and/or chemically on the surface of the tungsten carbide-based carbide alloy substrate, the wear-resistant coating layer comprising: (a) a lower tough layer made of a titanium nitride layer and having an average thickness of 0.1 to 5 ?m; and a single-layered or multi-layered surface hard layer which is made of a composite nitride layer of Ti and Al and a composite carbonitride layer of Ti and Al, which respectively satisfy the composition formula: (Ti1-XAlX)N and the composition formula: (Ti1-XAlX)C1-YNY (wherein X represents 0.15 to 0.65 and Y represents 0.5 to 0.

Abstract: The invention provides a coated cutting tool made of cemented carbide in which a hard coating layer has excellent wear resistance in high-speed cutting operation, wherein (a) a crystal orientation hysteresis layer which consists of a carbonitride compound layer and (b) a hard coating layer which consists of a layer of nitride compound and has a well defined crystal orientation and/or degree of crystallinity are formed on the surface of a cemented carbide substrate, preferably on the surface of a tungsten carbide based cemented carbide or titanium carbonitride based cermet by physical vapor deposition, wherein the crystal orientation hysteresis layer is deposited between the surface of a cemented carbide substrate and the hard coating layer. In one specific example, (a1) the carbonitride compound layer has an average thickness of 0.05 to 0.5 ?m and is preferably a Ti—Al carbonitride compound layer expressed by the composition formula as (Ti1?XAlX)(N1?YCY), wherein X ranges from 0.05 to 0.

Abstract: A cutting tool has a surface-coated carbide alloy and a wear-resistant coating layer which has excellent adhesion and chipping resistance. The cutting tool has a surface-coated carbide alloy comprising: a tungsten carbide-based carbide alloy substrate having an amorphous layer formed by an arc ion plating surface treatment to an average depth of 1 to 50 nm from the surface; and a wear-resistant coating layer deposited physically and/or chemically on the surface of the tungsten carbide-based carbide alloy substrate, the wear-resistant coating layer comprising: (a) a lower tough layer made of a titanium nitride layer and having an average thickness of 0.1 to 5 &mgr;m; and a single-layered or multi-layered surface hard layer which is made of a composite nitride layer of Ti and Al and a composite carbonitride layer of Ti and Al, which respectively satisfy the composition formula: (Ti1-XAlX)N and the composition formula: (Ti1-XAlX)C1-YNY (wherein X represents 0.15 to 0.65 and Y represents 0.5 to 0.

Abstract: A coated cutting tool has high wear resistance in a high-speed cutting operation of steel. The tool is made of a hard sintered substrate and has a hard coating layer deposited on a surface of the substrate. This hard coating layer includes a hard material layer and an inner layer having 0.1 to 10 &mgr;m for an average thickness with residual compressive stress. The inner layer is applied by physical vapor deposition. The hard coating layer also has an aluminum oxide layer as an outer layer having 0.1 to 5 &mgr;m for an average thickness. This outer layer is applied by chemical vapor deposition at a middle temperature.

Abstract: A coated cutting tool has high wear resistance in a high-speed cutting operation of steel. The tool is made of a hard sintered substrate and has a hard coating layer deposited on a surface of the substrate. This hard coating layer includes a hard material layer and an inner layer having 0.1 to 10 &mgr;m for an average thickness with residual compressive stress. The inner layer is applied by physical vapor deposition. The hard coating layer also has an aluminum oxide layer as an outer layer having 0.1 to 5 &mgr;m for an average thickness. This outer layer is applied by chemical vapor deposition at a middle temperature.