Abstract: A display device includes: a plurality of first colored particles contained in a space between a first substrate and a second substrate; a light-emitting portion having a first light-emitting element provided on the first substrate, and a first-light-emitting-element driving circuit provided on the first substrate and configured to drive the first light-emitting element; a first transparent portion disposed in a direction along a main surface of the first substrate with respect to the light-emitting portion; a first electrode provided in the light-emitting portion; and a second electrode provided in the first transparent portion and being nckudestransparent. The display device is capable of switching between a light-transmitting state of the first transparent portion in which the first electrode attracts the plurality of first colored particles, and a light-blocking state of the first transparent portion in which the second electrode attracts the plurality of first colored particles.

Abstract: Provided is a liquid crystal display device capable of switching between a transparent state and a scattering state, reducing or preventing a decrease in transmittance in the transparent state, and reducing or preventing a decrease in luminance in the panel central portion in the scattering state. The liquid crystal display device includes, sequentially from its viewing surface side toward its back surface side: a first liquid crystal panel; a light source; and a second liquid crystal panel, the first liquid crystal panel including a polymer dispersed liquid crystal containing a polymer network and liquid crystal components, the light source being configured to irradiate a back surface side main surface of the first liquid crystal panel with light from an oblique direction.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device includes a liquid crystal panel that includes a liquid crystal layer containing a liquid crystal composition; and a light source that emits light on the liquid crystal panel, the liquid crystal composition containing at least one of a first liquid crystal compound containing a phenyl group and a conjugated bond group that forms a conjugated system continuous with the phenyl group and a second liquid crystal compound containing an alkenyl group not forming a conjugated system, the light source emitting green light having a half width of less than 50 nm.

Abstract: Provided is a liquid crystal display device capable of switching between a transparent state and a scattering state, reducing or preventing a decrease in transmittance in the transparent state, and reducing or preventing a decrease in luminance in the panel central portion in the scattering state. The liquid crystal display device includes, sequentially from its viewing surface side toward its back surface side: a first liquid crystal panel; a light source; and a second liquid crystal panel, the first liquid crystal panel including a polymer dispersed liquid crystal containing a polymer network and liquid crystal components, the light source being configured to irradiate a back surface side main surface of the first liquid crystal panel with light from an oblique direction.

Abstract: Provided is a liquid crystal lens including: a first substrate; a second substrate facing the first substrate; and a liquid crystal layer held between the first substrate and the second substrate and containing liquid crystal molecules. The first substrate includes a Fresnel lens and a first electrode sequentially toward the liquid crystal layer. The second substrate includes a second electrode. The Fresnel lens includes a Fresnel-shaped part including annular lens surfaces in a concentric circle pattern and a flat part including a flat surface that extends in a radial direction of the concentric circle and intersects at least one of the annular lens surfaces. The annular lens surfaces are on a liquid crystal layer-facing surface of the Fresnel-shaped part and defines an uneven surface. The flat surface is on the liquid crystal layer-facing surface of the flat part.

Abstract: Provided is a liquid crystal display device capable of switching between a transparent state and a scattering state, reducing or preventing a decrease in transmittance in the transparent state, and reducing or preventing a decrease in luminance in the panel central portion in the scattering state. The liquid crystal display device includes, sequentially from its viewing surface side toward its back surface side: a first liquid crystal panel; a light source; and a second liquid crystal panel, the first liquid crystal panel including a polymer dispersed liquid crystal containing a polymer network and liquid crystal components, the light source being configured to irradiate a back surface side main surface of the first liquid crystal panel with light from an oblique direction.

Abstract: Provided is a polymer dispersed liquid crystal display device including: a pair of substrates including an electrode on at least one substrate; and a composite layer disposed between the pair of substrates. The composite layer includes a liquid crystal component and a polymer network constituted by a cured product of a photopolymerizable liquid crystal compound, and is in a transparent state when no voltage is applied and in a scattering state when a voltage is applied, and the polymer network has a helical structure with a number of turns of from one to less than eight in the composite layer.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device includes, in sequence, a backlight, a first substrate including a color filter layer, a liquid crystal layer containing a liquid crystal composition, and a second substrate. The liquid crystal composition contains a liquid crystal compound having a phenyl group and a conjugated bond group. The phenyl group has a halogen atom substituted for at least one hydrogen atom. The conjugated bond group is conjugated with the phenyl group to form a continuous conjugated system.

Abstract: The liquid crystal display device includes a liquid crystal panel, the liquid crystal panel including sub-pixels and including an active matrix substrate and a counter substrate, the active matrix substrate including a gate line, a first electrode, and a second electrode, the counter substrate including a third electrode, each of the sub-pixels being provided with an optical opening, the third electrode including a linear electrode extending along the gate line, a distance between the linear electrode and the optical opening being less than D/4 and a width of the linear electrode being D/4 or less, wherein a distance between two optical openings adjacent in the direction perpendicular to the extending direction of the gate line is defined as D.

Abstract: Provided is a liquid crystal display element capable of switching between a transparent state and a scattering state and of reducing or preventing a decrease in luminance in the scattering state. The liquid crystal display element includes a liquid crystal panel containing a polymer-dispersed liquid crystal containing a polymer network and a liquid crystal component, and a light source module including a light source adjacent to the liquid crystal panel and a mirror configured to reflect light emitted from the light source toward the liquid crystal panel.

Abstract: Provided is a liquid crystal lens including: a first substrate; a second substrate facing the first substrate; and a liquid crystal layer held between the first substrate and the second substrate and containing liquid crystal molecules. The first substrate includes a Fresnel lens and a first electrode sequentially toward the liquid crystal layer. The second substrate includes a second electrode. The Fresnel lens includes a Fresnel-shaped part including annular lens surfaces in a concentric circle pattern and a flat part including a flat surface that extends in a radial direction of the concentric circle and intersects at least one of the annular lens surfaces. The annular lens surfaces are on a liquid crystal layer-facing surface of the Fresnel-shaped part and defines an uneven surface. The flat surface is on the liquid crystal layer-facing surface of the flat part.

Abstract: Provided is a liquid crystal display device capable of switching between a transparent state and a scattering state, reducing or preventing a decrease in transmittance in the transparent state, and reducing or preventing a decrease in luminance in the panel central portion in the scattering state. The liquid crystal display device includes, sequentially from its viewing surface side toward its back surface side: a first liquid crystal panel; a light source; and a second liquid crystal panel, the first liquid crystal panel including a polymer dispersed liquid crystal containing a polymer network and liquid crystal components, the light source being configured to irradiate a back surface side main surface of the first liquid crystal panel with light from an oblique direction.

Abstract: Provided is a liquid crystal display device that can achieve prevention of a decrease in the VHR and can achieve an increase in the response speed. A liquid crystal display device includes a liquid crystal panel that includes a liquid crystal layer containing a liquid crystal composition; and a light source that emits light on the liquid crystal panel, the liquid crystal composition containing at least one of a first liquid crystal compound containing a phenyl group and a conjugated bond group that forms a conjugated system continuous with the phenyl group and a second liquid crystal compound containing an alkenyl group not forming a conjugated system, the light source emitting green light having a half width of less than 50 nm.

Abstract: The liquid crystal display device includes a liquid crystal panel, the liquid crystal panel including sub-pixels and including an active matrix substrate and a counter substrate, the active matrix substrate including a gate line, a first electrode, and a second electrode, the counter substrate including a third electrode, each of the sub-pixels being provided with an optical opening, the third electrode including a linear electrode extending along the gate line, a distance between the linear electrode and the optical opening being less than D/4 and a width of the linear electrode being D/4 or less, wherein a distance between two optical openings adjacent in the direction perpendicular to the extending direction of the gate line is defined as D.

Abstract: Provided is a polymer dispersed liquid crystal display device including: a pair of substrates including an electrode on at least one substrate; and a composite layer disposed between the pair of substrates. The composite layer includes a liquid crystal component and a polymer network constituted by a cured product of a photopolymerizable liquid crystal compound, and is in a transparent state when no voltage is applied and in a scattering state when a voltage is applied, and the polymer network has a helical structure with a number of turns of from one to less than eight in the composite layer.

Abstract: The cooling device includes an electrocaloric portion including an electrocaloric effect material, a first thermal switch including a first actuator, and a second thermal switch including a second actuator, in which a thickness and a length of the first actuator and the second actuator are changed depending on an electric field to be applied.

Abstract: The present invention provides a liquid crystal display device including: a liquid crystal panel including a viewing surface side substrate, a liquid crystal layer, and a back surface side substrate; and a backlight including a reflector facing the back surface side substrate, wherein the liquid crystal panel in a plan view includes multiple pixel regions and a non-display region between the pixel regions, in the pixel regions, color filters are disposed, in the non-display region, a gate electrode layer, a source-drain electrode layer, and a semiconductor layer are disposed, the back surface side substrate includes a reflective surface facing the backlight in at least part of the non-display region, and the reflective surface is constituted by a metal material having a higher reflectance than a metal material contained in portions of the source-drain electrode layer that are connected to the semiconductor layer.

Abstract: A thermal switch includes: a first electrode; a second electrode opposite the first electrode; and a liquid crystal layer between the first electrode and the second electrode, the liquid crystal layer containing liquid crystal molecules that are at least either in the Williams domain mode or in the dynamic scattering mode when a voltage is applied between the first electrode and the second electrode.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a display panel including on a viewing surface side thereof a thin film transistor substrate. The thin film transistor substrate includes a multilayer film in a region in a plan view including at least one electrode of thin film transistor electrodes including a gate electrode, a source electrode, and a drain electrode. The multilayer film includes a stack including, in the order from the viewing surface side, a first metal layer having a thickness of 40 nm or smaller, a first transparent insulating layer having a thickness of 10 nm or greater and 155 nm or smaller, and a second metal layer having a greater thickness than the first metal layer. The multilayer film includes a layer formed from a metal having a reflectance at a thickness of 200 nm of 50% or lower.

Abstract: The cooling device includes an electrocaloric portion including an electrocaloric effect material, a first thermal switch including a first actuator, and a second thermal switch including a second actuator, in which a thickness and a length of the first actuator and the second actuator are changed depending on an electric field to be applied.