Abstract: A toner comprising a toner particle comprising a binder resin and organosilicon polymer particles on a surface of the toner particle, wherein the binder resin comprising an amorphous resin and a crystalline polyester resin, an absolute value |SPcpes?SPsi| of a difference between an SP value (SPsi) of the organosilicon polymer particles and an SP value (SPcpes) of the crystalline polyester resin is not more than 2.00 (cal/cm3)1/2, and an amount of adsorbed water in the organosilicon polymer particles at a temperature of 30° C. and a humidity of 80% RH is not more than 20 mg/g.

Abstract: A toner comprises a toner particle containing a resin component and a wax; and an inorganic fine particle on a surface of the toner particle, wherein in the cross section of the toner particle, domains including the wax are present in a region ranging from a surface of the toner particle to a depth of 600 nm from the surface, wherein when a percentage ratio of sum of areas of all the domains in the region with respect to an area of the region is R2, and when a percentage ratio of sum of areas of the domains having a major diameter of 10 to 120 nm in the region with respect to the area of the region is R1, R1 and R2 satisfy the following formulae (1) and (2): 2.0?R1(%)?15.0??formula(1) R1(%)/R2(%)?0.60??formula (2).

Abstract: Regarding a contact structure and a brush motor, wear resistance of a commutator and a brush and an insulating property of a slit is improved. The disclosed contact structure includes a commutator formed of phosphor bronze and containing at least tin ranging from 1.0% or more to 9.0% or less by mass; and a brush formed of copper carbon and provided to come into contact with the commutator.

Abstract: A toner comprising: a toner particle containing a resin component and a wax; and an inorganic fine particle on the surface of the toner particle, wherein, in a cross section of the toner particle, domains containing the wax are observed, and when among the domains, domains having a major diameter of 10-300 nm are defined as domains S, an occupation area percentage of which a ratio of a total sum of areas occupied by the domains S in a region from a surface of the toner particle to a depth of 600 nm in the cross section with respect to an area of the region, is 3.0-15.0%, and wherein the inorganic fine particle contains a fine particle A having a volume resistivity of 1.0×103 to 3.0×105 ?·cm, and having a relative permittivity ?r of 100 or more.

Abstract: A toner is provided, which has a toner particle that contains a binder resin, and organosilicon polymer particle on a surface of the toner particle. A methanol concentration a (vol %) of the organosilicon polymer particle in a wettability test and a methanol concentration b (vol %) of the toner particle in a wettability test satisfy Expression (I) below: |a?b|?25??(I), and an adhesion index of the organosilicon polymer particle on a polycarbonate film, calculated on the basis of Expression (II) below, is not more than 3.5: Adhesion index=area ratio c of the organosilicon polymer particle having migrated to the polycarbonate film/coverage ratio d of the organosilicon polymer particle on the surface of the toner particle×100??(II).

Abstract: A method for operating a food processing apparatus is provided. The food processing apparatus includes a reaction vessel that has a space that accumulates a liquid reactant used for a food product; a catalytic reactor that includes a reaction tube and a light source; and an introducing tube for introducing the reactant into the reaction vessel. The reaction tube has an outer surface where a photocatalyst is provided. The reaction tube transmits light. The light source generates heat at a time of light emission in which the light source emits light from an inner side of the reaction tube. The method for operating the food processing apparatus includes introducing the reactant into the reaction vessel from the introducing tube. In the introducing, the reactant is introduced up to a position at which a liquid surface of the reactant is positioned higher than an opening portion of the introducing tube.

Abstract: A food processing apparatus 1a of the present disclosure includes a container 10, a catalyst film 20, and a light source 30. The container 10 has a space 15 for containing food F. The catalyst film 20 has an active surface 21a in contact with the space 15. The light source 30 is disposed at a position closer to a main surface 22a of the catalyst film 20 located on a side opposite to the active surface 21a than to the active surface 21a in a thickness direction of the catalyst film 20. The light source 30 emits ultraviolet light U toward the catalyst film 20. An absorptivity of the catalyst film 20 for the ultraviolet light U is 50% or more.

Abstract: A catalyst 1 for food processing of the present disclosure includes a support 10 and a catalyst film 20. The catalyst film 20 is formed on the support 10 and contains a metal oxide. The catalyst film 20 has a first layer 21 and a second layer 22. The second layer 22 is separated from the support 10 by the first layer 21. A transmittance of the first layer 21 for light having a wavelength of 400 nm to 600 nm is higher than a transmittance of the second layer 22 for light having a wavelength of 400 nm to 600 nm. The second layer 22 has surface irregularities 22a having a radial wavelength of 25 nm to 90 nm.

Abstract: A food processing apparatus includes a reaction tank having an internal space for storing a reactant that is in a liquid state and that is used for food, a cooler that cools a reactant stored in the reaction tank, and a catalytic reactor disposed in the internal space. The catalytic reactor includes a reaction tube, a light source disposed in the interior of the reaction tube, and a heat insulator disposed between the reaction tube and the light source. The outer surface of the reaction tube is provided with a photocatalyst. The reaction tube allows light radiated from the light source to pass therethrough. The reaction tube has a first end, and the first end is closed so as to serve as a bottom surface of the reaction tube. The interior of the reaction tube is filled with a dry gas.

Abstract: A food processing apparatus includes a reaction tank having an internal space for storing a reactant that is in a liquid state and that is used for food, a cooler that cools a reactant stored in the reaction tank, and a catalytic reactor disposed in the internal space. The catalytic reactor includes a reaction tube, a light source disposed in the interior of the reaction tube, and a heat insulator disposed between the reaction tube and the light source. The outer surface of the reaction tube is provided with a photocatalyst. The reaction tube allows light radiated from the light source to pass therethrough. The reaction tube has a first end, and the first end is closed so as to serve as a bottom surface of the reaction tube. The thermal conductivity of the heat insulator is lower than the thermal conductivity of the reaction tube.

Abstract: A method for operating a food processing device includes an irradiation step. The food processing device includes a reaction vessel and a catalyst reactor. The reaction vessel receives a mixture in a liquid form including a raw material for a food product and water. The catalyst reactor is disposed in the reaction vessel. The catalyst reactor includes a reaction tube and a light source disposed in the reaction tube. The reaction tube has an outer surface on which a photocatalyst is provided, and transmits light emitted from the light source. The method for operating the food processing device includes the irradiation step of performing irradiation with light from the light source while water is in contact with the outer surface of the reaction tube in a period after a reaction product is removed from the reaction vessel and before a raw material is subsequently introduced into the reaction vessel.

Abstract: A food processing apparatus includes a reaction tank having a first space for storing a liquid reactant to be used for a food; a stirrer including a first stirring body that stirs the reactant in the reaction tank by rotating; catalytic reactors, the catalytic reactors each including a reaction tube and a light source disposed in the reaction tube, the reaction tube having an outer surface provided with a photocatalyst, the reaction tube allowing light emitted from the light source to pass therethrough; and a temperature adjuster that adjusts the temperature of the reactant in the reaction tank. The catalytic reactors are disposed around a first rotary shaft of the first stirring body to be spaced from each other. The temperature adjuster surrounds the catalytic reactors.

Abstract: A food processing device includes a reaction vessel, a stirrer including a stirring body, and catalyst reactors. Each catalyst reactor includes a reaction tube and a light source. The reaction tube has an outer surface on which a photocatalyst is provided, and transmits light. The catalyst reactors are arranged around a rotating shaft. The light source includes light emitters disposed at different positions. When viewed in an axial direction of the rotating shaft, the catalyst reactors have equal phases. The phase of each catalyst reactor is a phase of a reference direction of the reaction tube of the catalyst reactor with respect to a straight line connecting centers of the rotating shaft and the reaction tube. The reference direction of the reaction tube is a direction determined on the basis of a direction in which light is emitted from the light emitters and a positional relationship between the light emitters.

Abstract: A toner processing apparatus processing an object comprising toner particles, comprising a processing chamber having a drive shaft rotatably provided at the bottom of chamber; a rotating member and a flow means pivotally supported by the drive shaft, wherein the rotating member comprises a main portion, and a processing portion protruding outward in the radial direction comprising a plate-shaped processing surface that collides with the object, and a rear wing coupled to the upstream side of the plate-shaped processing surface in a rotation direction; the plate-shaped processing surface protrudes upward from the rear wing; the plate-shaped processing surface away from the main portion is on the downstream side in the rotation direction of the rotating member; and where a radius of inner circumference of processing chamber is denoted by d, the shortest distance between inner wall of processing chamber and plate-shaped processing surface is 0.100d or less.

Abstract: A toner processing apparatus for processing an object comprising a toner particle and an external additive, the toner processing apparatus comprising: a processing chamber in which the object is accommodated; a drive shaft rotatably provided at a bottom of the processing chamber; and a rotating member pivotally supported on the drive shaft; wherein the rotating member comprises a rotating member body; and a protruding portion protruding from an outer peripheral portion of the rotating member body, outward in a radial direction; the rotating member comprises a processing member processing the object by colliding at the protruding portion; the processing member constitutes a part or an entirety of the protruding portion; the rotating member body and the processing member can be separated; the rotating member body comprises a projecting parts protruding in a direction in which the rotating member rotates; and the processing member fits with the projecting parts.

Abstract: A toner comprising a toner particle that contains a binder resin and fine particles A at the surface of the toner particle, wherein the fine particles A are organosilicon polymer fine particles, the organosilicon polymer fine particles have a number-average primary particle diameter of 30 nm to 500 nm, the organosilicon polymer fine particles have an attachment index for a polycarbonate film of not more than 3.5, the organosilicon polymer fine particles penetrate into the toner particle in a penetration depth b (nm), and protrude from the toner particle in a protrusion height c (nm), and b and c satisfy 0.05?b/(b+c)?0.40.

Abstract: A toner comprising: a toner particle containing a resin component and a wax; and an inorganic fine particle on the surface of the toner particle, wherein, in a cross section of the toner particle, domains containing the wax are observed, and when among the domains, domains having a major diameter of 10-300 nm are defined as domains S, an occupation area percentage of which a ratio of a total sum of areas occupied by the domains S in a region from a surface of the toner particle to a depth of 600 nm in the cross section with respect to an area of the region, is 3.0-15.0%, and wherein the inorganic fine particle contains a fine particle A having a volume resistivity of 1.0×103 to 3.0×105 ?·cm, and having a relative permittivity ?r of 100 or more.

Abstract: A toner comprises a toner particle containing a resin component and a wax; and an inorganic fine particle on a surface of the toner particle, wherein in the cross section of the toner particle, domains including the wax are present in a region ranging from a surface of the toner particle to a depth of 600 nm from the surface, wherein when a percentage ratio of sum of areas of all the domains in the region with respect to an area of the region is R2, and when a percentage ratio of sum of areas of the domains having a major diameter of 10 to 120 nm in the region with respect to the area of the region is R1, R1 and R2 satisfy the following formulae (1) and (2): 2.0?R1(%)?15.0??formula(1) R1(%)/R2(%)?0.60??formula (2).

Abstract: A toner is provided, which has a toner particle that contains a binder resin, and organosilicon polymer particle on a surface of the toner particle. A methanol concentration a (vol %) of the organosilicon polymer particle in a wettability test and a methanol concentration b (vol %) of the toner particle in a wettability test satisfy Expression (I) below: |a?b|?25??(I), and an adhesion index of the organosilicon polymer particle on a polycarbonate film, calculated on the basis of Expression (II) below, is not more than 3.

Abstract: A toner comprising a toner particle comprising a binder resin and organosilicon polymer particles on a surface of the toner particle, wherein the binder resin comprising an amorphous resin and a crystalline polyester resin, an absolute value |SPcpes?SPsi| of a difference between an SP value (SPsi) of the organosilicon polymer particles and an SP value (SPcpes) of the crystalline polyester resin is not more than 2.00 (cal/cm3)1/2, and an amount of adsorbed water in the organosilicon polymer particles at a temperature of 30° C. and a humidity of 80% RH is not more than 20 mg/g.