Abstract: A soil parameter required when civil engineering/mechanical simulations for various grounds are performed is appropriately determined. A parameter determination device determines a parameter of a particle model used in a ground analysis system. The parameter determination device includes a triaxial compression test numerical analysis unit configured to determine the parameter so that the adhesive force and the shear resistance angle of a virtual ground respectively match the adhesive force and the shear resistance angle of an actual ground with a predetermined accuracy, and a pull-out test numerical analysis unit configured to determine the parameter so that a ground reaction force coefficient of the virtual ground matches a ground reaction force coefficient of the actual ground with a predetermined accuracy.

Abstract: A laser beam generation apparatus includes a light source section including a plurality of seed lasers each emitting laser light, an optical amplification section disposed to face the seed lasers of the light source section and configured to amplify the laser light emitted from the seed lasers and received at an incidence surface to output the amplified laser light from an emission surface, and a plurality of light-guiding paths configured to guide the laser light emitted by the seed lasers to enter the incidence surface of the optical amplification section, wherein at least one of the plurality of light-guiding paths has an optical distance different from optical distances of other light-guiding paths, wherein the optical amplification section is configured to combine the laser light from the plurality of light-guiding paths and output the combined laser light as a laser beam.

Abstract: A pulsed electromagnetic-wave generator includes an excitation light source, a laser resonator, a pulse generating unit, and a wavelength converting unit. Excitation light from the excitation light source enters the laser resonator. The pulse generating unit is configured to generate a pulsed light group including at least two or more pulses with different frequencies (?) and different oscillation timings (t) in one excitation process of the excitation light source, an oscillation frequency difference (??) between the pulses in the pulsed light group being an integral multiple of a Free Spectral Range (FSR) of the laser resonator. The pulsed light group enters the wavelength converting unit. The wavelength converting unit is configured to generate a pulsed electromagnetic wave in which a wavelength of each pulse in the pulsed light group is converted.

Abstract: A laser device includes a light source device including a semiconductor laser; and a laser cavity irradiated with light from the light source device and including a saturable absorber. A beam waist diameter r of the light that irradiates the laser cavity and an initial transmittance T0 of the saturable absorber satisfy a relationship of 7.75×T04?7.77×T03+3.13×T02+0.16×T0+0.74?r?2.62×T0+0.675.

Abstract: A terahertz wave generation apparatus includes a plurality of laser light sources configured to generate laser beams respectively having different wavelengths; and a terahertz wave generating element configured to receive the laser beams having different wavelengths and generate a terahertz wave from the laser beams. The plurality of laser light sources include fiber laser light sources respectively including parameters that can be controlled independently, and the terahertz wave generating element includes a nonlinear optical crystal.

Abstract: A pulsed electromagnetic-wave generator includes an excitation light source, a laser resonator, a pulse generating unit, and a wavelength converting unit. Excitation light from the excitation light source enters the laser resonator. The pulse generating unit is configured to generate a pulsed light group including at least two or more pulses with different frequencies (?) and different oscillation timings (t) in one excitation process of the excitation light source, an oscillation frequency difference (??) between the pulses in the pulsed light group being an integral multiple of a Free Spectral Range (FSR) of the laser resonator. The pulsed light group enters the wavelength converting unit. The wavelength converting unit is configured to generate a pulsed electromagnetic wave in which a wavelength of each pulse in the pulsed light group is converted.

Abstract: A laser device includes a light source device including a semiconductor laser; and a laser cavity irradiated with light from the light source device and including a saturable absorber. A beam waist diameter r of the light that irradiates the laser cavity and an initial transmittance T0 of the saturable absorber satisfy a relationship of 7.75×T04?7.77×T03+3.13×T02+0.16×T0+0.74?r?2.62×T0+0.675.

Abstract: A terahertz wave generation apparatus includes a plurality of laser light sources configured to generate laser beams respectively having different wavelengths; and a terahertz wave generating element configured to receive the laser beams having different wavelengths and generate a terahertz wave from the laser beams. The plurality of laser light sources include fiber laser light sources respectively including parameters that can be controlled independently, and the terahertz wave generating element includes a nonlinear optical crystal.

Abstract: A laser beam generation apparatus includes a light source section including a plurality of seed lasers each emitting laser light, an optical amplification section disposed to face the seed lasers of the light source section and configured to amplify the laser light emitted by the seed lasers and received at an incidence surface to output the amplified laser light from an emission surface, and a control unit configured to control each of the seed lasers of the light source section. The optical amplification section is configured to combine the laser light emitted by the seed lasers and output the combined laser light as a laser beam.

Abstract: A laser beam generation apparatus includes a light source section including a plurality of seed lasers each emitting laser light, an optical amplification section disposed to face the seed lasers of the light source section and configured to amplify the laser light emitted from the seed lasers and received at an incidence surface to output the amplified laser light from an emission surface, and a plurality of light-guiding paths configured to guide the laser light emitted by the seed lasers to enter the incidence surface of the optical amplification section, wherein at least one of the plurality of light-guiding paths has an optical distance different from optical distances of other light-guiding paths, wherein the optical amplification section is configured to combine the laser light from the plurality of light-guiding paths and output the combined laser light as a laser beam.

Abstract: A shifter gear for reducing a thrust load that occurs in a shifter gear for restraining friction between the shifter gear and a shift fork. A gear part and an engaging part with the shift fork are disposed at an outer periphery of a base part. The spline is disposed at an inner periphery of the base part. The shifter gear is mounted relatively slidable to a gear shift shaft in an axis direction via the spline and is mounted to be incapable of relative rotation around an axis. The shift fork engaging the engaging part is configured to perform a slide operation on the shifter gear. One part of the spline is configured with a splined collar in an axis direction. The splined collar is a different body from the base part and is able to relatively rotate to the part around an axis.

Abstract: A laser device is provided including a surface emitting laser array configured to emit light, an optical system disposed in an optical path of light that is emitted from the surface emitting laser, a laser resonator which the light passed through the optical system enters, where the optical system includes a first optical element configured to collimate the light emitted from the surface emitting laser, and a second optical element configured to collect and condense the light collimated by the first optical element.

Abstract: Provided are enhanced high yield production systems for producing terpenes in plants via the expression of fusion proteins comprising various combinations of geranyl diphosphate synthase large and small subunits and limonene synthases. Also provided are engineered oilseed plants that accumulate monoterpene and sesquiterpene hydrocarbons in their seeds, as well as methods for producing such plants, providing a system for rapidly engineering oilseed crop production platforms for terpene-based biofuels.

Abstract: A shifter gear for reducing a thrust load that occurs in a shifter gear for restraining friction between the shifter gear and a shift fork. A gear part and an engaging part with the shift fork are disposed at an outer periphery of a base part. The spline is disposed at an inner periphery of the base part. The shifter gear is mounted relatively slidable to a gear shift shaft in an axis direction via the spline and is mounted to be incapable of relative rotation around an axis. The shift fork engaging the engaging part is configured to perform a slide operation on the shifter gear. One part of the spline is configured with a splined collar in an axis direction. The splined collar is a different body from the base part and is able to relatively rotate to the part around an axis.

Abstract: A laser device is provided including a light source configured to emit light, a laser resonator which the light emitted from the light source enters, a first optical element configured to increase a divergence angle of the light emitted from the laser resonator, a second optical element configured to collimate the light whose divergence angle is increased by the first optical element, and a third optical element configured to collect and condense the light collimated by the second optical element.

Abstract: A laser device is provided including a light source configured to emit light, a light transmission member configured to transmit the light emitted from the light source, a plurality of optical elements disposed in an optical path of the light transmitted by the light transmission member, a laser resonator which the light passed through the plurality of optical elements enter, and an adjuster configured to adjust a position of at least one of the plurality of optical elements.

Abstract: A laser device is provided including a surface emitting laser array configured to emit light, an optical system disposed in an optical path of light that is emitted from the surface emitting laser, a laser resonator which the light passed through the optical system enters, where the optical system includes a first optical element configured to collimate the light emitted from the surface emitting laser, and a second optical element configured to collect and condense the light collimated by the first optical element.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a surface-emitting laser element having a light-emitting mesa structure with an emitting area including a high-reflectance portion and a low-reflectance portion includes forming a layered body that includes a lower reflecting mirror, a cavity structure, and an upper reflecting mirror on a substrate; forming a first area on an upper surface of the layered body; forming a second area having the same size as the first area on the upper surface of the layered body; forming a light-emitting mesa structure and a monitoring-mesa structure by etching the first area and the second area, respectively; forming a confinement structure including a current passage area surrounded by an oxide in the light-emitting mesa structure and the monitoring-mesa structure; and measuring the size of the current passage area of the monitoring-mesa structure.

Abstract: Provided are enhanced high yield production systems for producing terpenes in plants via the expression of fusion proteins comprising various combinations of geranyl diphosphate synthase large and small subunits and limonene synthases. Also provided are engineered oilseed plants that accumulate monoterpene and sesquiterpene hydrocarbons in their seeds, as well as methods for producing such plants, providing a system for rapidly engineering oilseed crop production platforms for terpene-based biofuels.

Abstract: A transmission for an internal combustion engine that allows a fit length between a dog and a dog hole to be made longer and gear splines to be made longer, without having to increase an axial length of the transmission. A transmission selectively performs gearshifting by using a shift fork to slidingly move a shift gear of the transmission axially and by using a dog clutch to engage the shift gear with, or disengage the shift gear from, an adjacent gear. When the shift gear slidingly moves, a gear-side spline portion of the shift gear slidingly moves over a shaft-side spline portion.