Abstract: An image reading apparatus includes: three or more light sources configured to each emit light; a light receiving unit including a common light receiving surface configured to detect each light emitted; and an image generation unit configured to cause the three or more light sources to be switched over in a predetermined order and emit the corresponding light, and generate an image read from a document, wherein at least one of the three or more light sources includes a white light source and an optical filter, and the optical filter is configured such that a half-value width of a wavelength with respect to a maximum intensity of a spectral characteristic of the emitted light after transmission is wider than a half-value width of a wavelength with respect to a maximum intensity of the spectral characteristic of the light emitted from at least one of the other light sources.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes: an array of m light-emitting elements extending in a main scanning direction, the m being an integer satisfying m?3; a memory that stores a cumulative light emission time of each of the m light-emitting elements; a light intensity adjusting portion that obtains a light intensity adjusting value for the each light-emitting element; an activating portion that controls the activation and deactivation of the each light-emitting element with the light intensity adjusting value; and a selecting portion that selects n light-emitting elements from an end of the array, the n being an integer satisfying n?2 and n<m, wherein the activating portion forcibly activates the n light-emitting elements such that the cumulative light emission times of them are adjusted to a predetermined typical value less than the greatest value of cumulative light emission time among the m?n light-emitting elements.

Abstract: An image display and photographing system includes a display device configured to display a target image on a surface; a photographing device configured to photograph the surface; a first detector configured to detect that an object moves away from a space between the surface and the photographing device; a second detector configured to detect that, after the first detector detects that the object moves away from the space, the surface is touched at a predetermined position; a third detector configured to detect that, after the second detector detects that the surface is touched at the predetermined position, the object moves away from the space; and a photographing control portion configured to control, after the third detector detects that the object moves away from the space, the photographing device to photograph the surface.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes: an array of m light-emitting elements extending in a main scanning direction, the m being an integer satisfying m?3; a memory that stores a cumulative light emission time of each of the m light-emitting elements; a light intensity adjusting portion that obtains a light intensity adjusting value for the each light-emitting element; an activating portion that controls the activation and deactivation of the each light-emitting element with the light intensity adjusting value; and a selecting portion that selects n light-emitting elements from an end of the array, the n being an integer satisfying n?2 and n<m, wherein the activating portion forcibly activates the n light-emitting elements such that the cumulative light emission times of them are adjusted to a predetermined typical value less than the greatest value of cumulative light emission time among the m-n light-emitting elements.

Abstract: A hybrid drive device has a clutch connecting and disconnecting an output shaft and an input shaft, a first motor generator that rotates in conjunction with the rotation of the input shaft, an allowable clutch heat generation amount calculation portion that calculates the allowable clutch heat generation amount, an allowable differential clutch rotation speed calculation portion which calculates the allowable differential clutch rotation speed for when engagement starts, on the basis of the allowable clutch heat generation amount, and a motor generator rotation control portion that controls the rotation speed of the first motor generator such that the differential clutch rotation speed when engagement starts and during engagement is no more than the allowable differential clutch rotation speed when engagement starts.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus forms a toner image of text on a recording sheet based on PDL data prescribing text data and one or more print conditions of thereof, and thermally fixes the toner image, and includes: condition acquisition unit analyzing the PDL data to acquire, as the conditions, one or more of character number, character spacing, and line spacing from the PDL data; judgment unit judging for each condition, by comparing the condition with reference value, the judgment indicating whether the condition is suitable for ensuring fixability of the toner image if thermally fixed at a temperature that is lower than predetermined temperature; and temperature control unit, when the judgment unit judges negatively for at least one condition, setting a fixing temperature for thermally fixing the toner image to the predetermined temperature, when the judgment unit judges affirmatively for all conditions, setting the fixing temperature to the lower temperature.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes: a sheet feeding unit configured to feed a plurality of sheets to an image forming unit one by one; the image forming unit configured to form a toner image based on image data; a fixing unit configured to fix the toner image formed on each sheet by the image forming unit with a fixing member, the fixing unit including the fixing member configured to be brought into contact with each sheet supplied from the image forming unit and heat each sheet; a measuring unit configured to measure a temperature of the fixing member; and a control unit configured to instruct the fixing unit to start and stop a temperature increasing operation, and provide the image data to the image forming unit, wherein the control unit includes: a temperature drop rate calculating unit; a temperature rise rate predicting unit; and an instructing unit.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes an image forming section to form a toner image and transfer the toner image to a recording medium and a fixing section to heat the recording medium transferred with the toner image and further an image analyzing section to extract a density value or a size value of an imaging object included in an image, and a temperature determining section to determine a minimum fixing temperature based on the density value or size value of the imaging object included in a page image. The temperature determining section determines the minimum fixing temperature to be lower when a highest one of the density values is lower than when the highest value is higher or determines the minimum fixing temperature to be lower when a largest one of the size values is smaller than when the largest size value is larger.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus forming toner images sequentially on recording sheets transported at intervals, and thermally fixing the toner images by passing the recording sheets through a fixing position on a heating roller. The target fixing temperature is determined according to information of an image on each page. When a first fixing temperature for a given page is higher than a second fixing temperature for the succeeding page and the difference therebetween is greater than a predefined value, part or all of a first period, during which the thermal fixing operation for the given page is performed, and a second period, which corresponds to an interval between the two pages, are reserved for raising the surface temperature by the difference, and temperature control is performed during the reserved periods such that the surface temperature reaches the second temperature before the thermal fixing operation for the succeeding page starts.

Abstract: A photographing system includes a photographing device configured to photograph a surface; a detector configured to detect a change in a position of an object in a space between the surface and the photographing device; and an obtaining portion configured to obtain an image of an area of the surface by the photographing device when the detector detects the change, the area being not viewed by the photographing device before the change due to interruption of the object and being viewed by the photographing device after the change.

Abstract: An image display and photographing system includes a display device configured to display a target image on a surface; a photographing device configured to photograph the surface; a first detector configured to detect that an object moves away from a space between the surface and the photographing device; a second detector configured to detect that, after the first detector detects that the object moves away from the space, the surface is touched at a predetermined position; a third detector configured to detect that, after the second detector detects that the surface is touched at the predetermined position, the object moves away from the space; and a photographing control portion configured to control, after the third detector detects that the object moves away from the space, the photographing device to photograph the surface.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes: a sheet feeding unit configured to feed a plurality of sheets to an image forming unit one by one; the image forming unit configured to form a toner image based on image data; a fixing unit configured to fix the toner image formed on each sheet by the image forming unit with a fixing member, the fixing unit including the fixing member configured to be brought into contact with each sheet supplied from the image forming unit and heat each sheet; a measuring unit configured to measure a temperature of the fixing member; and a control unit configured to instruct the fixing unit to start and stop a temperature increasing operation, and provide the image data to the image forming unit, wherein the control unit includes: a temperature drop rate calculating unit; a temperature rise rate predicting unit; and an instructing unit.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus having: an endless fixing belt; a heating member heating the fixing belt; a support member maintaining the fixing belt substantially circular; a pressing member in contact with the fixing belt to form a fixing nip portion; a temperature sensor; a position detector; a storage storing temperatures and positions of the fixing belt detected by the temperature sensor and the position detector; and a control unit. The control unit is operable in a characteristic storing mode and in a fixing mode. In the characteristic storing mode, temperatures of the fixing belt associated with positions are detected, and the detected temperatures and positions are stored in the storage. In the fixing mode, temperatures of the fixing nip portion are predicted with reference to the temperatures and positions stored in the storage, and the heating member is controlled such that the predicted temperatures become a target temperature.

Abstract: A hybrid drive device has a clutch connecting and disconnecting an output shaft and an input shaft, a first motor generator that rotates in conjunction with the rotation of the input shaft, an allowable clutch heat generation amount calculation portion that calculates the allowable clutch heat generation amount, an allowable differential clutch rotation speed calculation portion which calculates the allowable differential clutch rotation speed for when engagement starts, on the basis of the allowable clutch heat generation amount, and a motor generator rotation control portion that controls the rotation speed of the first motor generator such that the differential clutch rotation speed when engagement starts and during engagement is no more than the allowable differential clutch rotation speed when engagement starts.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes an image forming section to form a toner image and transfer the toner image to a recording medium and a fixing section to heat the recording medium transferred with the toner image and further an image analyzing section to extract a density value or a size value of an imaging object included in an image, and a temperature determining section to determine a minimum fixing temperature based on the density value or size value of the imaging object included in a page image. The temperature determining section determines the minimum fixing temperature to be lower when a highest one of the density values is lower than when the highest value is higher or determines the minimum fixing temperature to be lower when a largest one of the size values is smaller than when the largest size value is larger.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus forming toner images sequentially on recording sheets transported at intervals, and thermally fixing the toner images by passing the recording sheets through a fixing position on a heating roller. The target fixing temperature is determined according to information of an image on each page. When a first fixing temperature for a given page is higher than a second fixing temperature for the succeeding page and the difference therebetween is greater than a predefined value, part or all of a first period, during which the thermal fixing operation for the given page is performed, and a second period, which corresponds to an interval between the two pages, are reserved for raising the surface temperature by the difference, and temperature control is performed during the reserved periods such that the surface temperature reaches the second temperature before the thermal fixing operation for the succeeding page starts.

Abstract: A variator (2) having a pair of semi-toroidally recessed races (11, 12) mounted to a housing (6) for rotation about a common variator axis. A roller (14) is mounted between the races to transfer drive between them at a variable drive ratio. A sun gear (25) is mounted between the races, as is a ring (gear 26). The ring gear is radially outboard of the sun gear. Mounted between the sun and ring and meshing with both is a carrier gear (33) upon which the roller is mounted in a manner which enables it to both spin about its own axis, when turned by the races, and also to tilt relative to the races to vary the drive ratio. A control pinion (27) is also arranged between the sun and ring gears meshing with both. The control pinion is able to rotate about its own axis freely, but the pinion axis is fixed with respect to the housing.

Abstract: A fixing device for fixing an unfixed toner image on a recording sheet by passing the recording sheet through a fixing nip and applying heat and pressure to the recording sheet, the fixing device comprising: a heater including a resistance heater part and a supporting member, the resistance heater part having a positive resistance-temperature characteristic in a temperature range above a predetermined level, and the supporting member being insulative and supporting the resistance heater part such that the resistance heater part applies heat to the recording sheet; a current detector detecting a current supplied to the resistance heater part; and an abnormality determiner determining whether the resistance heater part has an abnormality, based on an initial current detected by the current detector at a predetermined time after a beginning of power supply to the resistance heater part and before the temperature of the resistance heater part reaches the predetermined level.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus forms a toner image of text on a recording sheet based on PDL data prescribing text data and one or more print conditions of thereof, and thermally fixes the toner image, and includes: condition acquisition unit analyzing the PDL data to acquire, as the conditions, one or more of character number, character spacing, and line spacing from the PDL data; judgment unit judging for each condition, by comparing the condition with reference value, the judgment indicating whether the condition is suitable for ensuring fixability of the toner image if thermally fixed at a temperature that is lower than predetermined temperature; and temperature control unit, when the judgment unit judges negatively for at least one condition, setting a fixing temperature for thermally fixing the toner image to the predetermined temperature, when the judgment unit judges affirmatively for all conditions, setting the fixing temperature to the lower temperature.

Abstract: A heater control device that performs phase control of AC power and supplies phase-controlled power to a heater, the heater control device including: a control unit configured to, in the phase control, gradually increase an on-duty ratio until a target power amount is supplied to the heater; and a judgment unit configured to judge whether or not the on-duty ratio is within a predetermined range of on-duty ratios including a 50% on-duty ratio. The control unit (i) increases the on-duty ratio by a first amount while the on-duty ratio is within the predetermined range, and (ii) increases the on-duty ratio by a second amount while the on-duty ratio is not within the predetermined range. The first amount is greater than the second amount.