Abstract: A substrate heating device is provided. The substrate heating device includes a vacuum chamber and a heater. The vacuum chamber receives a substrate. The heater includes a body, a heating wire, and a terminal part. The body penetrates through a wall of the vacuum chamber such that a portion of the body is in a vacuum atmosphere of the vacuum chamber. The heating wire is provided inside the body and partly disposed inside the vacuum chamber. The terminal part is connected to the heating wire and is disposed outside the vacuum chamber.

Abstract: A substrate heating device is provided. The substrate heating device includes a vacuum chamber and a heater. The vacuum chamber receives a substrate. The heater includes a body, a heating wire, and a terminal part. The body penetrates through a wall of the vacuum chamber such that a portion of the body is in a vacuum atmosphere of the vacuum chamber. The heating wire is provided inside the body and partly disposed inside the vacuum chamber. The terminal part is connected to the heating wire and is disposed outside the vacuum chamber.

Abstract: The antifreeze of the present invention is including propylene glycol, first material, and second material. The first material is normal aliphatic dicarboxylic acid in which number of carbon atoms is from 10 to 12, salt of the normal aliphatic dicarboxylic acid, or mixture thereof. The second material is benzimidazole compound which has a benzimidazole skeleton, salt of the benzimidazole compound, triazine compound which has a triazine skeleton and has a mercapto group, salt of the triazine compound, or mixture thereof. Such antifreeze has less environment load than antifreeze including ethylene glycol. Furthermore, such antifreeze does not cause metal to corrode more than the antifreeze including ethylene glycol.

Abstract: An electric double layer capacitor includes: a cell which includes a pair of polarizable electrodes impregnated with an electrolytic solution and disposed in opposed relation with a separator interposed therebetween; collector electrodes respectively attached to the polarizable electrodes; and a sealing member of a synthetic resin which seals a periphery of the cell. The collector electrodes extend outward of the sealing member through the sealing member in contact with the sealing member. The collector electrodes each have a rough surface portion which extends through the sealing member.

Abstract: An electric double layer capacitor comprises: a cell which includes a pair of polarizable electrodes impregnated with an electrolytic solution and disposed in opposed relation with a separator interposed therebetween; collector electrodes respectively attached to the polarizable electrodes; and a sealing member of a synthetic resin which seals a periphery of the cell. The collector electrodes extend outward of the sealing member through the sealing member in contact with the sealing member. The collector electrodes each have a rough surface portion which extends through the sealing member.

Abstract: A solid electrolytic capacitor which includes a capacitor element in which a dielectric coating layer and a cathode layer are sequentially formed on a surface of an anode element having an anode lead member planted on one end surface thereof, an anode terminal connected with the anode lead member, a platy cathode terminal mounting the capacitor element thereon and connected with the cathode layer, and an enclosure resin coating the capacitor element, a part of the cathode terminal and a part of the anode terminal being exposed on a same plane from the enclosure resin. The cathode terminal is provided with a cathode exposed portion exposed from the enclosure resin in at least two locations on the same plane.

Abstract: The present invention provides a solid electrolytic capacitor comprising a capacitor element in which a dielectric coating layer and a cathode layer are sequentially formed on a surface of an anode element having an anode lead member planted on one end surface thereof, an anode terminal connected with the anode lead member, a platy cathode terminal mounting the capacitor element thereon and connected with the cathode layer, and an enclosure resin coating the capacitor element, a part of the cathode terminal and a part of the anode terminal being exposed on a same plane from the enclosure resin. The cathode terminal is provided with a cathode exposed portion exposed from the enclosure resin in at least two locations on the same plane.

Abstract: The present invention provides a solid electrolytic capacitor comprising a capacitor element in which a dielectric coating layer and a cathode layer are sequentially formed on a surface of an anode element having an anode lead member planted on one end surface thereof, an anode terminal connected with the anode lead member, a platy cathode terminal mounting the capacitor element thereon and connected with the cathode layer, and an enclosure resin coating the capacitor element, a part of the cathode terminal and a part of the anode terminal being exposed on a same plane from the enclosure resin. The cathode terminal is provided with a cathode exposed portion exposed from the enclosure resin in at least two locations on the same plane.

Abstract: The present invention provides a solid electrolytic capacitor comprising a capacitor element in which a dielectric coating layer and a cathode layer are sequentially formed on a surface of an anode element having an anode lead member planted on one end surface thereof, an anode terminal connected with the anode lead member, a platy cathode terminal mounting the capacitor element thereon and connected with the cathode layer, and an enclosure resin coating the capacitor element, a part of the cathode terminal and a part of the anode terminal being exposed on a same plane from the enclosure resin. The cathode terminal is provided with a cathode exposed portion exposed from the enclosure resin in at least two locations on the same plane.

Abstract: The antifreeze of the present invention is including propylene glycol, first material, and second material. The first material is normal aliphatic dicarboxylic acid in which number of carbon atoms is from 10 to 12, salt of the normal aliphatic dicarboxylic acid, or mixture thereof. The second material is benzimidazole compound which has a benzimidazole skeleton, salt of the benzimidazole compound, triazine compound which has a triazine skeleton and has a mercapto group, salt of the triazine compound, or mixture thereof. Such antifreeze has less environment load than antifreeze including ethylene glycol. Furthermore, such antifreeze does not cause metal to corrode more than the antifreeze including ethylene glycol.

Abstract: This invention relates to solid electrolyte capacitors and is intended to decrease the contact resistance between the body of the capacitor and lead frames and the internal resistance of these components. The, invention provides a process for producing a solid electrolyte capacitor by forming a dielectric oxide film on an anode body of valve metal, forming a cathode layer of solid conductive substance on the oxide film to prepare a capacitor element, coating the cathode layer of the capacitor element with a carbon layer, coating the carbon layer with a silver paste layer to prepare a capacitor body, and bonding a lead frame to the silver paste layer of the. capacitor body with a silver adhesive. While the capacitor element coated with the carbon layer and a silver paste are being vibrated relative to each other, the capacitor element is dipped in the silver paste and withdrawn therefrom in the direction of the vibration, whereby the carbon layer is coated with the silver paste layer.

Abstract: The invention provides a process for producing solid electrolyte capacitors by forming a dielectric oxide film and a first cathode layer of solid conductive substance over the surface of an anode body of valve metal, and forming a second cathode layer of conductive high polymer on the first cathode layer by electrolytic oxidative polymerization. The second cathode layer is formed by immersing in the electrolyte the anode body formed over the surface thereof with the oxide film and the first cathode layer, feeding a positive voltage with an external electrode piece in contact with the first cathode layer in the electrolyte, and shifting the feeding point at a predetermined time interval.

Abstract: The invention provides a process for producing solid electrolyte capacitors by forming a dielectric oxide film and a first cathode layer of solid conductive substance over the surface of an anode body of valve metal, and forming a second cathode layer of conductive high polymer on the first cathode layer by electrolytic oxidative polymerization. In forming the second cathode layer, the pH of the electrolyte to be used for electrolytic oxidative polymerization is maintained within a predetermined range by adding an acid or alkali to the electrolyte. Since the pH of the electrolyte remains substantially unaltered by the polymerization according to the invention, the electrolyte is repeatedly usable while permitting the resulting second cathode layers to retain the desired electric conductivity.

Abstract: This invention relates to solid electrolyte capacitors and is intended to decrease the contact resistance between the body of the capacitor and lead frames and the internal resistance of these components The invention provides a process for producing a solid electrolyte capacitor by forming a dielectric oxide film on an anode body of valve metal, forming a cathode layer of solid conductive substance on the oxide film to prepare a capacitor element, coating the cathode layer of the capacitor element with a carbon layer, coating the carbon layer with a silver paste layer to prepare a capacitor body, and bonding a lead frame to the silver paste layer of the capacitor body with a silver adhesive. While the capacitor element coated with the carbon layer and a silver paste are being vibrated relative to each other, the capacitor element is dipped in the silver paste and withdrawn therefrom in the direction of the vibration, whereby the carbon layer is coated with the silver paste layer.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus for a multiplex copying system in which indefinite peripherals having various additional functions may be connected to the body of the apparatus. The version of the apparatus body is adjusted surely and adequately in matching relation to the versions of the peripherals. The apparatus body is, therefore, capable of cooperating with the peripherals newly connected thereto.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes a microcomputer which increments a mode counter each time a copying operation is completed in a selected one of a non-inverted or inverted image forming mode. After the completion of the copying operation in the selected mode, when the image forming mode is changed to the other image forming mode, a time is set in a timer according to the count value of the previously used selected image forming mode counter and a photosensitive drum is pre-charged to a predetermined voltage corresponding to the image forming mode to be utilized next. Therefore, a pre-charge time can be set for one of the inverted and non-inverted image forming modes in accordance with the number of image forming operations carried out in the preceding selected image forming mode.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes a microcomputer. The number of image forming operation of a photosensitive drum is counted by a counter as a copy quantity, and data of the copy quantity is applied to the microcomputer. By referring to a copy quantity-voltage table, voltage setting data according to the copy quantity is applied by the microcomputer to a bias voltage source so that the bias voltage source applies a required bias voltage according to the voltage setting data to a conductive substrate of the photosensitive drum.

Abstract: An electrophotographing apparatus includes a photosensor for sensing or detecting a reflectance of an original, and an output voltage of the photosensor is sent to a microcomputer. In response to the output voltage of the photosensor, the microcomputer controls a bias voltage which is applied to an electric conductive substrate of a photoreceptor from a bias voltage source. The bias voltage is adjusted such that a change of an exposed voltage according to the reflectance of the original can be canceled, and resultingly, the exposed voltage is kept constant. On the other hand, a developer is connected to the ground, and therefore, a voltage difference between the exposed voltage and a developing voltage becomes constant.