Abstract: There is presented a solar cell comprising a semiconductor substrate of one conductivity-type, a layer of the opposite conductivity-type provided on a surface side of the semiconductor substrate, a surface electrode formed thereon, and a backside electrode formed on a backside of the semiconductor substrate, wherein the semiconductor substrate is formed with protrusions and recesses on the surface side thereof, and spaces that are filled with a glass component of an electrode material of the surface electrode are present in bottom portions of the recesses. This arrangement has eliminated a conventional problem in that silver in the electrode material gets into the bottom portions of the recesses and causes defects to be generated in the recesses due to stress generated during forming of the electrode.

Abstract: A manufacturing method and apparatus of an organic resin coated metal sheet is provided. Temperatures of edge portions of the metal sheet and a temperature of an approximately central portion of the metal sheet are respectively measured using a metal-sheet temperature measuring device arranged directly upstream of lamination rolls. Respectively measured temperature values are inputted to a heating temperature controller, and output values calculated by the heating temperature controllers are inputted to a metal sheet center portion heater and the metal sheet center portion heater, respectively, to control the heating of a widthwise approximately center portion and edge portion, respectively, to a first and second temperature, respectively, the second temperature being higher than the first. A resin film is extruded to pre-rolls and is sandwiched and pressure-bonding to the metal sheet between a pair of lamination rolls. Resin portions projecting from both edge portions are then removed.

Abstract: A process by which many kinds of unstretched films comprising a thermoplastic resin are produced each in a small amount and high yield. A thermoplastic resin (A) to be formed into an unstretched film and another thermoplastic resin (B) are separately melted by heating. The thermoplastic resin (B) is introduced to each edge part of a T-die (2) for extrusion. The two resins are ejected and extruded on a casting roll so that the thermoplastic rosin (B) is disposed on the side of each edge of the thermally melted thermoplastic resin (A). Thus, an unstretched film (20) is formed which comprises the thermoplastic resin (A) and the thermoplastic resin (B) disposed on the side of each edge of the resin (A). Thereafter, the parts constituted of the thermoplastic resin (B) are removed y cutting to form a target unstretched film (20) consisting only of the thermoplastic resin (A).

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a resin-coated metal sheet comprising: laminating two or more kinds of molten resins, to form a multilayer film; extruding the multilayer film through a multi-manifold die onto a metal sheet; wherein at least one kind of molten resin contains a coloring component; wherein said molten resins include a first resin having a high melt viscosity and a second resin having a low melt viscosity; wherein the multi-manifold die has plural resin passages through which plural resins pass; wherein the resin passage through which the first resin passes is maintained at a higher temperature than the resin passage through which the low melt viscosity resin passes; wherein the difference in melt viscosity of adjoining resin layers is 3,000 poises or less at a shear rate of 20 to 500 s?1; wherein the molten resin containing a coloring component has a melt tension Tm in the range of 0.5 g?1.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for manufacturing a resin coated metal sheet. The method includes extruding a molten organic resin by heating from a T-die onto a metal sheet; dropping molten resin onto pre-rolls arranged between the T-die and lamination rolls, and bringing the molten resin in contact with the pre-rolls; and pressing the molten resin and the metal sheet by the lamination rolls to manufacture the resin-coated metal sheet. Electrically conductive bodies are arranged parallel to the widthwise direction of the pre-rolls, and the molten resin is dropped onto the pre-rolls in a state that an electric current is supplied to the conductive bodies, bringing the molten resin into contact with the pre-rolls by electrostatic pinning whereby an oligomer adhered to the pre-rolls is transferred to the surface of the molten resin and removed.

Abstract: The present invention aims at the continuous and stable production of an organic-resin-coated metal sheet in producing the organic-resin-coated metal sheet by an extrusion method using a laminating roll which can prevent resin portions (ear portions) protruding from the metal sheet being wound around shaft portions of the laminating roll. Using a laminating roll in which a width (A) of a region thereof coated with a lining material satisfies a relationship of 0?A?B?20 mm with respect to a width (B) of the metal sheet, a thermally melted organic resin is extruded and is applied to the metal sheet such that end portions of the organic resin in the widthwise direction protrude from outer portions of the laminating roll applied with the lining material, and the resin portions in a semi-molten state which protrude from respective edges of the metal sheet are removed by press-cutting.

Abstract: [Problem] The present invention provides a manufacturing method and apparatus of an organic resin coated metal sheet which can surely remove resin portions projecting from both edges of a metal sheet. [Means for Resolution] A long strip metal sheet 1 is continuously fed using a metal-sheet supply means 13. Temperatures of edge portions 1a, 1b of the metal sheet 1 and a temperature of an approximately central portion 1c of the metal sheet 1 are respectively measured using a metal-sheet temperature measuring means 7 arranged directly upstream of lamination rolls 10. Respectively measured temperature values are inputted to a heating temperature control means 14. An output value calculated by the heating temperature control means is inputted to a metal sheet center portion heating means 3 arranged directly upstream of the T-die 8 so as to heat a widthwise approximately center portion of the metal sheet 1 to a first temperature by the metal sheet center portion heating means 3.

Abstract: The present invention provides particularly, in a method of manufacturing an organic resin-coated metal sheet by an extrusion lamination method, a method of removing an oligomer adhered to a roll with which a heat molten resin comes into contact while removing an oligomer and an apparatus of manufacturing an organic resin-coated metal sheet.

Abstract: There is presented a solar cell comprising a semiconductor substrate of one conductivity-type, a layer of the opposite conductivity-type provided on a surface side of the semiconductor substrate, a surface electrode formed thereon, and a backside electrode formed on a backside of the semiconductor substrate, wherein the semiconductor substrate is formed with protrusions and recesses on the surface side thereof, and spaces that are filled with a glass component of an electrode material of the surface electrode are present in bottom portions of the recesses. This arrangement has eliminated a conventional problem in that silver in the electrode material gets into the bottom portions of the recesses and causes defects to be generated in the recesses due to stress generated during forming of the electrode.

Abstract: A process by which many kinds of unstretched films comprising a thermoplastic resin are produced each in a small amount and high yield. A thermoplastic resin (A) to be formed into an unstretched film and another thermoplastic resin (B) are separately melted by heating. The thermoplastic resin (B) is introduced to each edge part of a T-die (2) for extrusion. The two resins are ejected and extruded on a casting roll so that the thermoplastic rosin (B) is disposed on the side of each edge of the thermally melted thermoplastic resin (A). Thus, an unstretched film (20) is formed which comprises the thermoplastic resin (A) and the thermoplastic resin (B) disposed on the side of each edge of the resin (A). Thereafter, the parts constituted of the thermoplastic resin (B) are removed y cutting to form a target unstretched film (20) consisting only of the thermoplastic resin (A).

Abstract: Provided are a multilayer film with small surface unevenness, constructed from resin layers with different molten viscosities: a resin-coated metal plastic, formed by layering a multilayer resin film on a metal plate: a method reproducing a multilayer resin film by layering molten resins with different molten viscosities without forming unevenness on the surface of the film; and a method of producing a resin-coated metal plate. The difference in molten viscosities or adjacent resin layers is set to 3000 poise or lower at a shear rate of 20 to 500 s?1, with the temperature of an extruder, a manifold, and that part of a die which is adjacent to the manifold through which of these a resin with a high molten viscosity passes maintained higher than the temperature of an extruder, a manifold, and that part or a die which is adjacent to the manifold through which of these a resin with a low molten viscosity passes.

Abstract: Provided are a multilayer film comprising a plurality of resin layers having melt viscosities at the same heating temperature being different from one another, wherein it is a multilayer resin film which is reduced in the irregularity of the surface thereof; and a method for producing a multilayer resin film which comprises laminating a plurality of resins having melt viscosities at the same heating temperature being different from one another, without the formation of irregulars ties on the surface of the film.

Abstract: A process for producing a multilayered unstretched film. The process is intended to minimize the amount of those thick parts of a film formed which are to be discarded, and to thereby attain a cost reduction. Thermoplastic resins (20A) and an extra thermoplastic resin (20B) different from the thermoplastic resins (20A) are separately melted by heating. Immediately before widening in respective manifolds, the extra thermoplastic resin is introduced to each edge part of each of the objective thermoplastic resins. The resins are fed to and widened in the manifolds so that the extra thermoplastic resin is disposed on the side of each edge of each objective thermoplastic resin. Subsequently, the melts are joined and ejected from the die lip of the T-die on a casting roll.

Abstract: A method for producing a multi-layer resin film, wherein a plurality of molten resins being different in the melt viscosity are laminated on the surface of a film containing at least one resin containing a coloring component without formation of irregularities; and a method for producing a metal sheet having a resin coating film which comprises laminating said film on a metal sheet.

Abstract: There is presented a solar cell comprising a semiconductor substrate of one conductivity-type, a layer of the opposite conductivity-type provided on a surface side of the semiconductor substrate, a surface electrode formed thereon, and a backside electrode formed on a backside of the semiconductor substrate, wherein the semiconductor substrate is formed with protrusions and recesses on the surface side thereof, and spaces that are filled with a glass component of an electrode material of the surface electrode are present in bottom portions of the recesses. This arrangement has eliminated a conventional problem in that silver in the electrode material gets into the bottom portions of the recesses and causes defects to be generated in the recesses due to stress generated during forming of the electrode.