Abstract: A concentration apparatus including a negatively charged membrane, a sample water supply, a first solenoid valve on a flow path from the sample water supply to the negatively charged membrane, an acidic solution storage tank storing an acidic solution, a second solenoid valve on a flow path from the acidic solution storage tank to the negatively charged membrane, an alkaline solution storage tank storing an alkaline solution, a third solenoid valve on a flow path from the alkaline solution storage tank to the negatively charged membrane, an outlet to discharge fluid, a fourth solenoid valve and a first suction pump each on a flow path from the negatively charged membrane to the outlet, a collection container in which fluid is collected, a fifth solenoid valve on a flow path from the negatively charged membrane to the collection container, and a controller that controls opening and closing of the solenoid valves.

Abstract: A fastener includes: a main body including a first fastening portion configured to be screwed together with a ultrasound transducer configured to generate ultrasound vibration, and a second fastening portion configured to be screwed together with a vibration transmission portion configured to transmit the ultrasound vibration, the main body being configure to connect the ultrasound transducer and the vibration transmission portion; and a rupture portion configured to be ruptured as a result of a specific torque being applied when the first fastening portion is screwed together with the ultrasound transducer or when the second fastening portion is screwed together with the vibration transmission portion.

Abstract: An ultrasound treatment tool includes: an ultrasound transducer configured to generate ultrasound vibration; a vibration transmission portion configured to transmit the ultrasound vibration; and a fastener that includes a first fastening portion screwed with the ultrasound transducer and a second fastening portion screwed with the vibration transmission portion, the fastener being configure to connect the ultrasound transducer and the vibration transmission portion. The fastener is configured with a material that has a higher strength than a proximal end portion of the vibration transmission portion, the proximal end portion being screwed with the second fastening portion.

Abstract: A spot-size converter includes first and second waveguide structures. The first waveguide structure extends longitudinally along a waveguide axis from a first end to a second end and is configured to support a first optical mode at the first end. The second waveguide structure is formed within the first waveguide structure. The second waveguide structure extends longitudinally between the first end and the second end. The second waveguide structure is configured to support a second optical mode at the second end. The second optical mode has a different diameter than the first optical mode. The second waveguide structure includes a waveguide core that has a first cross-sectional area in a first plane normal to the waveguide axis at the first end and a second cross-sectional area in a second plane normal to the waveguide axis at the second end. The second cross-sectional area is larger than the first cross-sectional area.

Abstract: A filtration member 110 including pores having a pore diameter through which microorganisms may pass and configured to have a positive charge or a negative charge upon application of a voltage.

Abstract: A filter evaluating device including a controller configured to evaluate the integrity of a filter based on a measurement result of measuring microorganisms in treated water filtered by the filter, and output information regarding an evaluation result.

Abstract: A membrane filtration apparatus 110 including a membrane 113 that is made from an acid-resistant material, has pores having a pore size capable of capturing microorganisms, and has a surface that has a negative charge in a neutral to alkaline range.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an oral solid dosage form comprising N2-{[1-ethyl-6-(4-methylphenoxy)-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl]methyl}-L-alaninamide, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, or a hydrate or solvate thereof as an active ingredient, which has good dissolution and storage-stability. When the oral solid dosage form is a tablet, the tablet can be prepared while inhibiting tableting troubles from low content to high content of the active ingredient.

Abstract: A spot-size converter includes first and second waveguide structures. The first waveguide structure extends longitudinally along a waveguide axis from a first end to a second end and is configured to support a first optical mode at the first end. The second waveguide structure is formed within the first waveguide structure. The second waveguide structure extends longitudinally between the first end and the second end. The second waveguide structure is configured to support a second optical mode at the second end. The second optical mode has a different diameter than the first optical mode. The second waveguide structure includes a waveguide core that has a first cross-sectional area in a first plane normal to the waveguide axis at the first end and a second cross-sectional area in a second plane normal to the waveguide axis at the second end. The second cross-sectional area is larger than the first cross-sectional area.

Abstract: A distributed feedback plus reflection (DFB+R) laser includes an active section, a passive section, a low reflection (LR) mirror, and an etalon. The active section includes a distributed feedback (DFB) grating and is configured to operate in a lasing mode. The passive section is coupled end to end with the active section. The LR mirror is formed on or in the passive section. The etalon includes a portion of the DFB grating, the passive section, and the LR mirror. The lasing mode of the active section is aligned to a long-wavelength edge of a reflection peak of the etalon.

Abstract: A method of implementing membrane cleaning is provided. The method includes accessing a membrane resistance record, where the membrane resistance record includes a plurality of membrane resistance curves, each of the plurality of membrane resistance curves includes a curve profile after a cleaning. The method further includes performing a first cleaning, determining a first membrane resistance after the first cleaning, determining a current position on the curve profile based on the first membrane resistance and a time period from a previous cleaning, and performing a second cleaning. The second cleaning may include a recovery cleaning when the current position on the curve profile exceeds a predetermined range, and a maintenance cleaning when the current position on the curve profile is within the predetermined range.

Abstract: A water treatment method includes a microbubble generating step (S101) of generating microbubbles in water to be treated containing at least calcium ions and producing water to be treated containing microbubbles, a water softening step (S102) of crystallizing calcium ions contained in the water to be treated containing the microbubbles as calcium carbonate and removing the calcium carbonate, and a reverse osmosis membrane treatment step (S103) of separating the water to be treated, from which the calcium carbonate has been removed, into reverse osmosis membrane treated water and reverse osmosis membrane concentrated water using a reverse osmosis membrane.

Abstract: A water treatment method including: a concentration step of concentrating microorganisms in sample water to purify a concentrate; a detection step of detecting an inhibitor contained in the sample water or the concentrate; a determination step of determining whether to perform a removal step based on a result of the detection in the detection step; the removal step of removing the inhibitor from the concentrate in a case where the removal step is determined to be performed in the determination step; and a measurement step performed after the determination step or the removal step, of measuring the microorganisms contained in the concentrate.

Abstract: A support device includes an acquirer configured to acquire data indicating water quality information of water to be treated, a pressure to supply the water to be treated to a membrane filtration device, a transmembrane pressure at a filtration membrane, a permeation flux at the filtration membrane, a frequency and cleaning conditions for cleaning the filtration membrane with cleaning water, and an outputter configured to output an optimum value of a current permeation flux, and a frequency and cleaning conditions for cleaning the membrane filtration device with the cleaning water in the future based on the data indicating the water quality information of the water to be treated, the pressure to supply the water to be treated to the membrane filtration device, and the transmembrane pressure at the filtration membrane, that have been acquired by the acquirer, by using a learned determination model acquired by performing learning processing using the data acquired by the acquirer.

Abstract: A wastewater treatment method includes: a soft water treatment 1 of crystallizing calcium carbonate from wastewater to remove the calcium carbonate therefrom; and an electrolysis 2 of electrolyzing some of the wastewater from which the calcium carbonate has been removed to obtain an acidic aqueous solution and an alkaline aqueous solution, wherein at least some of the alkaline aqueous solution is circulated to be used in the soft water treatment 1.

Abstract: A laser includes a substrate, first and second claddings, a gain medium, and multiple supports. The first cladding is spaced apart from the substrate by an air gap. A thickness of the first cladding in a vertical direction is in a range from 0.05-0.15 micrometers. The gain medium is disposed on the first cladding opposite the air gap. The second cladding is disposed on the gain medium opposite the first cladding. A thickness of the second cladding in the vertical direction is in a range from 0.05-0.15 micrometers. The supports are coupled to each of the substrate, the first cladding, the gain medium, and the second cladding to retain the first cladding, the gain medium, and the second cladding spaced apart from the substrate.

Abstract: A water treatment system includes an equipment system including each water treatment device that executes a water treatment process and a control apparatus that controls each water treatment device, and a management system including a management apparatus that determines a control content of the water treatment process by using a virtual system obtained by virtualizing each water treatment device and controls the water treatment process of the equipment system based on the control content via the control apparatus of the equipment system.

Abstract: A wastewater treatment method includes: a soft water treatment 1 of crystallizing calcium carbonate from wastewater to remove the calcium carbonate therefrom; and an electrolysis 2 of electrolyzing some of the wastewater from which the calcium carbonate has been removed to obtain an acidic aqueous solution and an alkaline aqueous solution, wherein at least some of the alkaline aqueous solution is circulated to be used in the soft water treatment 1.

Abstract: A controller stabilizes a distributed feedback plus reflection (DFB+R) laser, which has a back facet, a DFB section, a passive section, and a front facet with a low reflective element. An etalon filter is formed by a portion of the DFB section, the passive section, and the low reflective element. Control circuitry directly modulates the DFB section with a modulation signal and biases the passive section with a bias signal. In operation, a lasing mode of the DFB section is aligned to a long wavelength edge of one of the periodic peaks of a reflection profile of the etalon filter. Meanwhile, photodiodes are arranged to monitor the output power emitted from the laser's front and back facets. The control circuitry monitors a ratio of the detected output power and adjusts the bias based on the monitored ratio.

Abstract: A grating coupled laser (GCL) includes an active section and a passive section. The passive section is butt coupled to the active section to form a butt joint with the active section. The active section includes an active waveguide. The passive section includes a passive waveguide, a transmit grating coupler, and a top cladding. The passive waveguide is optically coupled end to end with the active waveguide and includes a first portion and a second portion. The first portion of the passive waveguide is positioned between the second portion of the passive waveguide and the active waveguide. The transmit grating coupler is optically coupled to the passive waveguide and includes grating teeth that extend upward from the second portion of the passive waveguide. The top cladding is positioned directly above the first portion of the passive waveguide and is absent directly above at least some of the transmit grating coupler.