Abstract: An image heating member for heating an image formed on a recording material includes a base material, an elastic layer which contains a thermally conductive filler of 5 ?m or more in average diameter and which is provided on the base material, and a parting layer which is provided on the elastic layer so as to contact the elastic layer and which is formed of a fluorine-containing resin tube provided on the elastic layer. The fluorine-containing resin tube has 3% or more in heat contraction rate with respect to a widthwise direction of the image heating member before and after the fluorine-containing resin tube is heated and left standing in an oven at 200° C. for 30 minutes.

Abstract: An electrophotographic fixing member having an elastic layer that is high in thermal conductivity in the thickness direction, resists causing fracture or plastic deformation even by repeated compression in a high temperature state, and is low in hardness. The electrophotographic fixing member has a substrate, and an elastic layer provided on the substrate, wherein the elastic layer contains a filler containing an inorganic oxide and is provided on an outer circumference of the substrate, wherein (1) in a binarized image on a first cross-section in a thickness-circumferential direction of the elastic layer and a binarized image on a second cross-section in a thickness-axial direction of the elastic layer, 1.0?(A/B)?2.0 and 0.40?(A+B)?0.50 are satisfied; and (2) 50°??Ave?90° is satisfied.

Abstract: Provided is a fixing member includes: a substrate; and an elastic layer on the substrate, wherein the elastic layer contains a rubber and fillers dispersed in the rubber, and wherein an average value of area ratios of large-particle diameter fillers is 20% or more and 40% or less, and the large-particle diameter fillers have an average array degree fL of 0.00 or more and 0.15 or less, an average value of an area ratios of small-particle diameter fillers is 10% or more and 20% or less, the small-particle diameter fillers have an average array degree fS of 0.20 or more and 0.50 or less, and the small-particle diameter fillers have an average array angle ?S of 60° or more and 120° or less.

Abstract: An image heating member for heating an image formed on a recording material includes a base material, an elastic layer which contains a thermally conductive filler of 5 ?m or more in average diameter and which is provided on the base material, and a parting layer which is provided on the elastic layer so as to contact the elastic layer and which is formed of a fluorine-containing resin tube provided on the elastic layer. The fluorine-containing resin tube has 3% or more in heat contraction rate with respect to a widthwise direction of the image heating member before and after the fluorine-containing resin tube is heated and left standing in an oven at 200° C. for 30 minutes.

Abstract: A fixing apparatus includes an endless belt, and a pressing member including a base body and an elastic layer formed on the base body. A plurality of pore portions connected to each other are provided in the elastic layer. In a case where a binary image is generated from a three-dimensional image of the elastic layer, a threshold value X ?m corresponding to opening processing with which a number of pores derived from the pore portions takes a maximum value is obtained, and then pores derived from the pore portions in the elastic layer are extracted by performing opening processing with a threshold value of 2X ?m, an average value of angles ? is 120° or larger and smaller than 150°.

Abstract: Provided is a fixing member includes: a substrate; and an elastic layer on the substrate, wherein the elastic layer contains a rubber and fillers dispersed in the rubber, and wherein an average value of area ratios of large-particle diameter fillers is 20% or more and 40% or less, and the large-particle diameter fillers have an average array degree fL of 0.00 or more and 0.15 or less, an average value of an area ratios of small-particle diameter fillers is 10% or more and 20% or less, the small-particle diameter fillers have an average array degree fS of 0.20 or more and 0.50 or less, and the small-particle diameter fillers have an average array angle ?S of 60° or more and 120° or less.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to providing a fixing member that can form high quality electrophotographic images. The fixing member includes a substrate, an elastic layer on the substrate and a surface layer bonded to the elastic layer with an adhesive layer. The surface layer contains a fluorine resin. The surface layer having a thermal resistance in the thickness direction of 3.0×10?5 m2·K/W or more and 1.3×10?4 m2·K/W or less and the peel adhesion strength between the surface layer and the elastic layer is 3.0 N/cm or more and 20.0 N/cm or less, while the elastic layer undergoes a cohesive failure in a peel test between the surface layer and the elastic layer and the fluorine resin contains a tetrafluoroethylene/perfluoroethyl vinyl ether copolymer, the polymerization ratio of perfluoroethyl vinyl ether in the copolymer being 3.0 mol % or more and 5.8 mol % or less.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to providing a fixing member that can form high quality electrophotographic images. The fixing member comprises a substrate, an elastic layer on the substrate and a surface layer bonded to the elastic layer with an adhesive layer. The surface layer contains a fluorine resin. The surface layer having a thermal resistance in the thickness direction of 3.0×10?5 m2·K/W or more and 1.3×10?4 m2·K/W or less and the peel adhesion strength between the surface layer and the elastic layer is 3.0 N/cm or more and 20.0 N/cm or less, while the elastic layer undergoes a cohesive failure in a peel test between the surface layer and the elastic layer and the fluorine resin contains a tetrafluoroethylene/perfluoroethyl vinyl ether copolymer, the polymerization ratio of perfluoroethyl vinyl ether in the copolymer being 3.0 mol % or more and 5.8 mol % or less.

Abstract: A coating apparatus configured to coat a peripheral surface of an endless member with a coating liquid, includes: a holding member configured to hold the endless member; an impregnation member configured to be impregnated with the coating liquid and configured to coat the endless member with the coating liquid in contact with the endless member; a nozzle member configured to eject the coating liquid onto the endless member; a rotating mechanism configured to rotate the holding member relative to the impregnation member and the nozzle member; and a moving mechanism configured to move the holding member relative to the impregnation member and the nozzle member so that the coating liquid is ejected from the nozzle member onto the endless member in a region where the coating liquid is already coated by the impregnation member.

Abstract: A fixing member is provided, including a release layer containing a tetrafluoroethylene-perfluoroalkyl vinyl ether copolymer (PFA), wherein a content of the perfluoroalkyl vinyl ether (PAVE) based on all PFAs in the release layer is 3.0 mol % or more and 5.8 mol % or less, and an elastic layer having an indentation elastic modulus EITs at a surface thereof and an indentation elastic modulus EITc at a position in a depth of 50 ?m from the surface, EITs and EITc being measured at a temperature of 150° C., and EITs is larger than EITc and EITc being 17 MPa or more and 24 MPa or less.

Abstract: A compact excavator includes: a swing post which is attached to a upperstructure and which can swing in a left/right direction, a working device which is attached to the swing post and which includes a boom cylinder, a counterweight, and hydraulic hoses which extend upwards between opposite side plates of the swing post, and through which pressure oil for driving the boom cylinder of the working device is guided. The compact excavator further includes a guide plate which is provided in the swing post, and which guides the hydraulic hoses downwards while restricting the hydraulic hoses from moving to approach a handrail when the hydraulic hoses attempt to expand toward the handrail due to driving of the working device.

Abstract: An elastic layer includes a needle-shaped filler and a void and has a porosity of 20 vol % or more and 60 vol % or less. The elastic layer contains a first area and a second area. The first area extends from a surface of the elastic layer opposite to a surface facing the mandrel toward the mandrel and has a thickness of 30% of the thickness of the elastic layer. The second area is a central area in a thickness direction of the elastic layer and has a thickness of 40% of the thickness of the elastic layer. The needle-shaped filler in the second area has an orientation degree of 50% or lower. The needle-shaped filler in the first area has an orientation degree higher than that of the needle-shaped filler in the second area.

Abstract: A fixing member is provided, including a release layer containing a tetrafluoroethylene-perfluoroalkyl vinyl ether copolymer (PFA), wherein a content of the perfluoroalkyl vinyl ether (PAVE) based on all PFAs in the release layer is 3.0 mol % or more and 5.8 mol % or less, and an elastic layer having an indentation elastic modulus EITs at a surface thereof and an indentation elastic modulus EITc at a position in a depth of 50 ?m from the surface, EITs and EITc being measured at a temperature of 150° C., and EITs is larger than EITc and EITc being 17 MPa or more and 24 MPa or less.

Abstract: An electrophotographic member includes a rubber layer having a lightness of 15 or less and including a marked portion formed so as to have a depth of 35 ?m or more and 100 ?m or less, a fluorine-based resin layer having a light transmittance of 60% or more, and an adhesive layer disposed between the rubber layer and the fluorine-based resin layer. The adhesive layer has a lightness of 60 or more and has a thickness of 3 ?m or more and 10 ?m or less in a portion surrounding the marked portion.

Abstract: A fixing member manufacturing method includes: a step of holding a longitudinal end of a resin tube by a first holding tool; a step of holding another longitudinal end of the resin tube by a second holding tool; a step of decreasing a distance between the first and second holding tools each holding the resin tube, by a predetermined amount; a step of expanding, after the decreasing step, the resin tube in a radial direction; and a step of externally fitting the resin tube, expanded in the radial direction, around an elastic material coated with an adhesive.

Abstract: An electrophotographic member includes a rubber layer having a lightness of 15 or less and including a marked portion formed so as to have a depth of 35 ?m or more and 100 ?m or less, a fluorine-based resin layer having a light transmittance of 60% or more, and an adhesive layer disposed between the rubber layer and the fluorine-based resin layer. The adhesive layer has a lightness of 60 or more and has a thickness of 3 ?m or more and 10 ?m or less in a portion surrounding the marked portion.

Abstract: A fixing member includes a substrate and an elastic layer on the substrate. The elastic layer comprises a cured product of a silicone rubber composition containing an anatase titanium oxide particle and an addition-curable silicone rubber, and undergoes cohesive failure in 90° peel test specified in JIS K6854-1: 1999. In the fixing member, an allyl group bound to a silicon atom is present at the interface between the substrate and the elastic layer.

Abstract: Provided is a member for electrophotography. The member for electrophotography includes: a substrate; an elastic layer containing a cured silicone rubber having a methyl group bonded to a silicon atom; and a fluorine resin release layer bonded to a surface of the elastic layer by an addition-curing-type silicone rubber adhesive. The elastic layer contains a titanium oxide particle having an anatase-type crystal structure.

Abstract: A fixing member includes a substrate and an elastic layer on the substrate. The elastic layer comprises a cured product of a silicone rubber composition containing an anatase titanium oxide particle and an addition-curable silicone rubber, and undergoes cohesive failure in 90° peel test specified in JIS K6854-1: 1999. In the fixing member, an allyl group bound to a silicon atom is present at the interface between the substrate and the elastic layer.

Abstract: A fixing member used for fixing a toner image on a recording material includes: a base layer; and a porous elastic layer provided on the base layer and containing a needle-like filler. The elastic layer has a thermal conductivity with respect to a longitudinal direction thereof in a first region where the elastic layer is contactable to the recording material on the fixing member, and the thermal conductivity is 6 times to 900 times a thermal conductivity with respect to a thickness direction in the first region. The elastic layer has a thermal conductivity with respect to the thickness direction thereof in a second region outside the first region with respect to the longitudinal direction, and the thermal conductivity with respect to the thickness direction in the second region is larger than the thermal conductivity with respect to the thickness direction in the first region.