Abstract: A single-layer electrophotographic photosensitive member includes a conductive substrate and a photosensitive layer. The conductive substrate contains aluminum or an aluminum alloy. A surface of the conductive substrate has an aluminum oxide film or an aluminum alloy oxide film. The photosensitive layer is disposed directly on the conductive substrate. The photosensitive layer contains an electron transport material. The electron transport material has a reduction potential of at least ?0.88 V and no greater than ?0.66 V versus a reference electrode (Ag/Ag+). The single-layer electrophotographic photosensitive member has a leakage onset voltage of at least 5.0 kV in a high temperature and humidity environment at a temperature of 30° C. and a relative humidity of 80%. The leakage onset voltage is a voltage applied to the single-layer electrophotographic photosensitive member at which current leakage starts.

Abstract: A single-layer electrophotographic photosensitive member includes a conductive substrate and a photosensitive layer. The conductive substrate contains aluminum or an aluminum alloy. A surface of the conductive substrate has an aluminum oxide film or an aluminum alloy oxide film. The photosensitive layer is disposed directly on the conductive substrate. The photosensitive layer contains an electron transport material. The electron transport material has a reduction potential of at least ?0.88 V and no greater than ?0.66 V versus a reference electrode (Ag/Ag+). The single-layer electrophotographic photosensitive member has a leakage onset voltage of at least 5.0 kV in a high temperature and humidity environment at a temperature of 30° C. and a relative humidity of 80%. The leakage onset voltage is a voltage applied to the single-layer electrophotographic photosensitive member at which current leakage starts.

Abstract: A developing roller includes a roller main body disposed to face, without contact, an outer circumferential surface of an image carrier. The roller main body includes an aluminum oxide thin film and a resin coat layer, the aluminum oxide thin film being formed on an outer circumferential surface of a base body that is made of a metal including aluminum, the resin coat layer being formed on a surface of the aluminum oxide thin film that has been subjected to a predetermined heating process, the resin coat layer being made of a resin material and having electric conductivity.

Abstract: A developing device includes a housing, a development roller, and a roller gear. The roller gear is disposed at one axial end of the development roller and transmits a rotational drive force to the development roller. The development roller includes a sleeve and a coating layer. The coating layer is formed by dipping the sleeve in a dipping bath with the sleeve directed axially vertically. The development roller is mounted to the housing such that a lower axial end of the development roller at the time of the dipping is an opposite axial end to the one axial end at which the roller gear is disposed.

Abstract: A developing device supplies a developer to a photosensitive drum, which has a cylindrical shape, and is rotatable around an axis thereof for forming an electrostatic latent image on the circumferential surface thereof. The developing device is provided with a developing roller. The developing roller is disposed to face the photosensitive drum, and has a cylindrical shape. The developing roller is rotatable around an axis thereof for carrying a developer on the circumferential surface thereof. The developing roller is provided with a small diameter portion. The small diameter portion is a part of the circumferential surface of the developing roller. The small diameter portion extends from an axial end of the developing roller axially inward by a predetermined length, and has an outer diameter smaller than an axially middle portion of the developing roller.

Abstract: A developing roller includes a roller main body disposed to face, without contact, an outer circumferential surface of an image carrier. In the roller main body, a boehmite layer has been formed on an outer circumferential surface of a base body that is made of a metal including aluminum, by a surface treatment by a boehmite method, and a resin coat layer has been formed on a surface of the boehmite layer, the resin coat layer being made of a resin material having electric conductivity.

Abstract: Developing device includes developing roller and magnetic roller. Developing roller includes aluminum oxide thin film and resin coat layer. Magnetic roller is disposed to face, without contact, outer circumferential surface of developing roller, and includes aluminum oxide thin film formed on outer circumferential surface of base body that is made of metal including aluminum. Magnetic roller forms toner layer on surface of developing roller via magnetic brush composed of toner and magnetic carrier. AC impedance Z1 is in range from 1.0×105? to 1.0×106? and surface roughness Ra of resin coat layer is in range from 0.057 ?m to 0.280 ?m, AC impedance Z1 being obtained when AC voltage at predetermined frequency is applied to between base body of magnetic roller and base body of developing roller in a state where the magnetic brush is formed on magnetic roller.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a developing roller having a conductive support base, a surface of which is covered with a resin layer, wherein the resin layer contains conductive fine particles and soluble nylon serving as a binder resin, and the resin layer surface has a surface roughness Ra of at least 0.4 ?m, a waviness curve cycle of 50 to 400 ?m, and a waviness curve height of 2 to 10 ?m.

Abstract: A developing device includes a housing, a development roller, and a roller gear. The roller gear is disposed at one axial end of the development roller and transmits a rotational drive force to the development roller. The development roller includes a sleeve and a coating layer. The coating layer is formed by dipping the sleeve in a dipping bath with the sleeve directed axially vertically. The development roller is mounted to the housing such that a lower axial end of the development roller at the time of the dipping is an opposite axial end to the one axial end at which the roller gear is disposed.

Abstract: A developing device supplies a developer to a photosensitive drum, which has a cylindrical shape, and is rotatable around an axis thereof for forming an electrostatic latent image on the circumferential surface thereof. The developing device is provided with a developing roller. The developing roller is disposed to face the photosensitive drum, and has a cylindrical shape. The developing roller is rotatable around an axis thereof for carrying a developer on the circumferential surface thereof. The developing roller is provided with a small diameter portion. The small diameter portion is a part of the circumferential surface of the developing roller. The small diameter portion extends from an axial end of the developing roller axially inward by a predetermined length, and has an outer diameter smaller than an axially middle portion of the developing roller.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a developing roller having a conductive support base, a surface of which is covered with a resin layer, wherein the resin layer contains conductive fine particles and soluble nylon serving as a binder resin, and the resin layer surface has a surface roughness Ra of at least 0.4 ?m, a waviness curve cycle of 50 to 400 ?m, and a waviness curve height of 2 to 10 ?m.

Abstract: A developing roller includes a roller main body disposed to face, without contact, an outer circumferential surface of an image carrier. A resin coat layer has been formed on an outer circumferential surface of the roller main body, the resin coat layer being made of a resin material having electric conductivity. A product of resistance component Rs [?] and electrostatic capacitance component Cs [F] in AC impedance Z of the roller main body is in a range from 2.79×10?7 to 6.77×10?5, the AC impedance Z being obtained when an AC voltage of a predetermined frequency f is applied.

Abstract: A developing roller includes a roller main body disposed to face, without contact, an outer circumferential surface of an image carrier. The roller main body includes a resin coat layer that is formed on an outer circumferential surface of a base body that is made of a metal including aluminum, the resin coat layer being made of a resin material and having electric conductivity. An AC impedance Z obtained from an application of an AC voltage at a frequency in a range from 0.05 Hz to 100 Hz is equal to or higher than 100?, and a phase angle ? satisfies a relationship of 0 rad<?<0.1 rad when a power factor is cos ?=Za/Z.

Abstract: A straddle-riding vehicle includes a vehicle body frame including an engine supporting portion that supports an engine and a front wheel supporting portion arranged in front of the engine supporting portion, wherein a wheel supporting arm that supports the front wheel and a suspension arm that supports the wheel supporting arm are mounted to the front wheel supporting portion. At least a portion of a secondary air introduction unit that introduces secondary air into an exhaust passage of the engine is positioned directly behind the front wheel supporting portion.

Abstract: A developing roller includes a roller main body disposed to face, without contact, an outer circumferential surface of an image carrier. A resin coat layer has been formed on an outer circumferential surface of the roller main body, the resin coat layer being made of a resin material having electric conductivity. A product of resistance component Rs [?] and electrostatic capacitance component Cs [F] in AC impedance Z of the roller main body is in a range from 2.79×10?7 to 6.77×10?5, the AC impedance Z being obtained when an AC voltage of a predetermined frequency f is applied.

Abstract: A developing roller includes a roller main body disposed to face, without contact, an outer circumferential surface of an image carrier. In the roller main body, a boehmite layer has been formed on an outer circumferential surface of a base body that is made of a metal including aluminum, by a surface treatment by a boehmite method, and a resin coat layer has been formed on a surface of the boehmite layer, the resin coat layer being made of a resin material having electric conductivity.

Abstract: A developing roller includes a roller main body disposed to face, without contact, an outer circumferential surface of an image carrier. The roller main body includes an aluminum oxide thin film and a resin coat layer, the aluminum oxide thin film being formed on an outer circumferential surface of a base body that is made of a metal including aluminum, the resin coat layer being formed on a surface of the aluminum oxide thin film that has been subjected to a predetermined heating process, the resin coat layer being made of a resin material and having electric conductivity.

Abstract: A developing roller includes a roller main body disposed to face, without contact, an outer circumferential surface of an image carrier. The roller main body includes a resin coat layer that is formed on an outer circumferential surface of a base body that is made of a metal including aluminum, the resin coat layer being made of a resin material and having electric conductivity. An AC impedance Z obtained from an application of an AC voltage at a frequency in a range from 0.05 Hz to 100 Hz is equal to or higher than 100?, and a phase angle ? satisfies a relationship of 0 rad<?<0.1 rad when a power factor is cos ?=Za/Z.

Abstract: Developing device includes developing roller and magnetic roller. Developing roller includes aluminum oxide thin film and resin coat layer. Magnetic roller is disposed to face, without contact, outer circumferential surface of developing roller, and includes aluminum oxide thin film formed on outer circumferential surface of base body that is made of metal including aluminum. Magnetic roller forms toner layer on surface of developing roller via magnetic brush composed of toner and magnetic carrier. AC impedance Z1 is in range from 1.0×105? to 1.0×106? and surface roughness Ra of resin coat layer is in range from 0.057 ?m to 0.280 ?m, AC impedance Z1 being obtained when AC voltage at predetermined frequency is applied to between base body of magnetic roller and base body of developing roller in a state where the magnetic brush is formed on magnetic roller.

Abstract: A straddle-riding vehicle includes a vehicle body frame including an engine supporting portion that supports an engine and a front wheel supporting portion arranged in front of the engine supporting portion, wherein a wheel supporting arm that supports the front wheel and a suspension arm that supports the wheel supporting arm are mounted to the front wheel supporting portion. At least a portion of a secondary air introduction unit that introduces secondary air into an exhaust passage of the engine is positioned directly behind the front wheel supporting portion.