Abstract: The present invention provides a charge pump circuit capable of achieving desired boosting operation even when a high-side switch for precharge or a low-side switch for driving output is constructed by a low-withstand-voltage transistor. The high level of a drive input signal for driving a high-side switch for precharge and a low-side switch for driving output in response to a clock signal is set to the level of a boosted output voltage. The low level of the drive input signal is set to the level of an input voltage, not ground potential.

Abstract: The present invention provides a charge pump circuit capable of achieving desired boosting operation even when a high-side switch for precharge or a low-side switch for driving output is constructed by a low-withstand-voltage transistor. The high level of a drive input signal for driving a high-side switch for precharge and a low-side switch for driving output in response to a clock signal is set to the level of a boosted output voltage. The low level of the drive input signal is set to the level of an input voltage, not ground potential.

Abstract: The present invention provides a charge pump circuit capable of achieving desired boosting operation even when a high-side switch for precharge or a low-side switch for driving output is constructed by a low-withstand-voltage transistor. The high level of a drive input signal for driving a high-side switch for precharge and a low-side switch for driving output in response to a clock signal is set to the level of a boosted output voltage. The low level of the drive input signal is set to the level of an input voltage, not ground potential.

Abstract: The present invention provides a charge pump circuit capable of achieving desired boosting operation even when a high-side switch for precharge or a low-side switch for driving output is constructed by a low-withstand-voltage transistor. The high level of a drive input signal for driving a high-side switch for precharge and a low-side switch for driving output in response to a clock signal is set to the level of a boosted output voltage. The low level of the drive input signal is set to the level of an input voltage, not ground potential.

Abstract: In a magnetic recording writing circuit, a current having a higher level than a write current is supplied for a period of time during rise and fall of the write current, and a current having a lower level than the write current is supplied for a period of time during overshoot at the rise and fall of the write current. Accordingly, the write current can recover quickly from overshoot.

Abstract: In the magnetic record writing circuit, an arrangement is provided such that, a current having a higher level than a level of a write current is supplied for a desired period of time during rise and fall of the write current, and a current having a lower level than the level of the write current is supplied for a desired period of time during overshoot at the rise and fall of the write current. Accordingly, the write current can be recovered quickly from the overshoot.

Abstract: A comparator compares phases of an input data supplied from an input terminal and a synchronizing clock signal output by a variable counter, and outputting a comparison result signal indicative of any of a "lead", a "lag" and a "non-detection" of the edge of the input data with respect to the up edge of the synchronizing clock signal. A state detector circuit detects the numbers of "leads" and "lags" in comparison result signals output by the comparator, and outputting a state detected signal indicative of any of "the number of leads is larger", "the number of lags is larger" and "the number of leads is equal to the number of lags". A dividing ratio selection circuit outputs a dividing ratio signal indicative of any of a "dividing ratio smaller than a reference dividing ratio", a "dividing ratio greater than the reference dividing ratio" and the "reference dividing ratio", based on the comparison result signals output by the comparator and state detected signals output by the state detector circuit.

Abstract: A switching circuit operable under a low voltage power source includes first and second level shift circuits. The level shift circuits receive a switching control signal and generate an internal switching signal and an inverted internal switching signal. The level shift circuits supply the internal switching signals to switching elements. A switched capacitor filter includes an amplifier and the described switching circuit. The amplifier has amplification inverters connected in series in three stages.

Abstract: A communication system which includes a plurality of information processing units connected to a network. Each information processing unit includes a database for storing information. A duplicate of the information is distributed to each of the other information processing units. Moreover, each information processing unit modifies the information in its database, extracts a differential of the information before modification and the information after modification, and transfers the differential to each of the other information processing units.

Abstract: A resin-made air cleaner includes a hollow resin-made housing, a tubular element accommodated in the housing, a tubular projection, a gasket fitted around the tubular projection, and disposed between the tubular element and the tubular projection, a stopper for inhibiting the gasket from moving. The tubular projection is disposed on at least one of opposite end surfaces of the housing so as to project toward the inside of the housing. The stopper is disposed on the projection and/or the opposite end surfaces of the housing, on which the projection is disposed. This arrangement not only enables the increase of the resin content of the air cleaner, but also inhibits the gasket from coming off from the projection when the element is disassembled.

Abstract: A polarization-universal radial line slot antenna has a slot plate formed with numerous slots, a frame, and a partition plate interposed between the slot plate and the frame to form an upper layer waveguide and a lower layer waveguide. A pair of first and second feeding devices are provided in a central portion of the antenna. The first feeding device has a first matching member protruding into the upper layer waveguide for feeding thereto a radio wave diverging from a center to a periphery so that a left-hand circular polarized wave is emitted from the slots. The second feeding device has a second matching member for feeding a radio wave which passes through the lower layer waveguide and then converges from a periphery to a center of the upper layer waveguide so that a right-hand circular polarized wave is emitted from the slots. Consequently, the single antenna can concurrently transmit or receive the right-hand and left-hand circular polarized waves.

Abstract: An ophthalmic instrument provided with an eye fundus measuring portion 1 for finding a position of the eye fundus of a patient's eye includes a transducer 11 for outputting a heartbeat signal corresponding to the heartbeat of a patient, a vital signal generating circuit 13, a synchronizing circuit 14, and a timer 16 each for actuating the eye fundus measuring portion 1 synchronously with the heartbeat signal.