Abstract: An ECU includes: an index calculation unit calculating, as indices relating to fuel properties, a first index that indicates a degree of anti-knocking margin and a second index that indicates required ignition energy required for normal ignition; a first control unit for setting a target in-cylinder temperature based on the first index and controlling an in-cylinder temperature based on the target in-cylinder temperature, as an in-cylinder temperature control for controlling the in-cylinder temperature immediately before combustion; and a second control unit for setting a target EGR rate based on the second index and controlling an EGR rate based on the target EGR rate as an EGR control performed by an EGR device for controlling the EGR rate.

Abstract: A cooling device for an internal combustion engine has an outflow temperature sensor, a flow control valve, and a control device. The outflow temperature sensor detects an outflow temperature of the cooling water flowing out from a cooling-water outlet of the internal combustion engine. The flow control valve adjusts a flow rate of the cooling water flowing in a bypass passage. The control device controls the flow control valve to be open or closed. The control device, during a warming of the internal combustion engine, controls the flow control valve to be open or closed based on information about a change rate of the outflow temperature to prevent the change rate of the outflow temperature from decreasing to a minus value, after opening the flow control valve and starting a circulation of the cooling water in a route passing through the bypass passage.

Abstract: A cooling device for an internal combustion engine has an outflow temperature sensor, a flow control valve, and a control device. The outflow temperature sensor detects an outflow temperature of the cooling water flowing out from a cooling-water outlet of the internal combustion engine. The flow control valve adjusts a flow rate of the cooling water flowing in a bypass passage. The control device controls the flow control valve to be open or closed. The control device, during a warming of the internal combustion engine, controls the flow control valve to be open or closed based on information about a change rate of the outflow temperature to prevent the change rate of the outflow temperature from decreasing to a minus value, after opening the flow control valve and starting a circulation of the cooling water in a route passing through the bypass passage.

Abstract: When a valve timing is held, even if a Duty value of an operational signal of a variable valve timing controller is slightly changed, a holding unresponsive range will be arisen. In the unresponsive range, a variation speed of the valve timing is very small. As temperature is decreased, the unresponsive range is extended and an individual difference becomes notable. While the valve timing is held, a computer learns a deviation amount of a response characteristic of the valve timing based on a variation speed of the valve timing when the Duty value is slightly changed from the holding unresponsive range to outside thereof.

Abstract: A variable valve device modulates movement of a valve for an internal combustion engine by using hydraulic fluid pressure. The variable valve device is controlled by a control device via a control valve that modulates hydraulic fluid pressure supply to and discharge from the variable valve device. The control device offsets an operating amount of the control valve by an offset component that shifts the operating amount outside a dead band. The control device sets the offset component smaller as the hydraulic fluid temperature increases. The control device sets the offset component smaller when a controlling direction coincides with a biasing direction of a biasing member than that when the controlling direction opposes the biasing direction. Further, the control device cancels the offset component when actual valve movement is sufficiently close to target valve movement.

Abstract: A variable valve device modulates movement of a valve for internal combustion engine by using a hydraulic pressure. The variable valve device is controlled by a control device via a control valve that modulates hydraulic pressure supply to and discharge from the variable valve device. The control device offsets an operating amount of the control valve by an offset component that shifts the operating amount outside a dead band. The control device sets the offset component smaller as the hydraulic medium temperature increases. The control device sets the offset component smaller when a controlling direction coincides with a biasing direction of a biasing member than that when the controlling direction opposes to the biasing direction. Further, the control device cancels the offset component when the actual valve movement is sufficiently close to the target valve movement.

Abstract: When a valve timing is held, even if a Duty value of an operational signal of a variable valve timing controller is slightly changed, a holding unresponsive range will be arisen. In the unresponsive range, a variation speed of the valve timing is very small. As temperature is decreased, the unresponsive range is extended and an individual difference becomes notable. While the valve timing is held, a computer learns a deviation amount of a response characteristic of the valve timing based on a variation speed of the valve timing when the Duty value is slightly changed from the holding unresponsive range to outside thereof.

Abstract: A reference model simulates a desired response characteristic of the variable valve timing apparatus and is constructed by using a dynamic characteristic in a region of the maximum changing speed of the valve timing of the variable valve timing apparatus. The variable valve timing apparatus is constructed of the control system with two degrees of freedom in which in the controller, the feedback duty is calculated so that the deviation between the output obtained by applying the time delay to the output of the quickest response model and the valve timing is small, and in the reverse VCT model, the feed forward duty is calculated so that the target advance amount is realized based upon the output of the quickest response model, and the control duty of the variable valve timing apparatus is obtained by addition of the feedback duty and the feed forward duty.

Abstract: A reference model simulates a desired response characteristic of the variable valve timing apparatus and is constructed by using a dynamic characteristic in a region of the maximum changing speed of the valve timing of the variable valve timing apparatus. The variable valve timing apparatus is constructed of the control system with two degrees of freedom in which in the controller, the feedback duty is calculated so that the deviation between the output obtained by applying the time delay to the output of the quickest response model and the valve timing is small, and in the reverse VCT model, the feed forward duty is calculated so that the target advance amount is realized based upon the output of the quickest response model, and the control duty of the variable valve timing apparatus is obtained by addition of the feedback duty and the feed forward duty.

Abstract: The present invention provides a black hexavalent chromium-free plating treatment system in which the corrosion resistance of a surface of a metal part is improved by activating the surface of a zinc-plated coating of the metal part in a treatment solution in a dilute nitric acid activation treatment step, subsequently forming a black coating in an inorganic salt solution containing trivalent chromium and iron components as main ingredients in a black chromate treatment step, forming a conversion coating in a solution of inorganic salt and organic acid containing trivalent chromium and silica as main ingredients in a finish treatment step, and drying the resulting metal part. Therefore, even in a black trivalent chromate coating, sufficient corrosion resistance and sufficient strength are obtained. Moreover, a black trivalent chromate coating with heavy feeling is obtained for the first time.