Abstract: The manufacturing method of a porous silicon material of the present disclosure includes a particle forming step of melting a raw material containing Al as a first element in an amount of 50% by mass or more and Si in an amount of 50% by mass or less to obtain a silicon alloy, a pore forming step of removing the first element from the silicon alloy to obtain a porous material, and a heat treatment step of heating the porous material to diffuse elements other than Si to a surface of the porous material.

Abstract: The manufacturing method of a porous silicon material of the present disclosure includes a particle forming step of melting a raw material containing Al as a first element in an amount of 50% by mass or more and Si in an amount of 50% by mass or less to obtain a silicon alloy, a pore forming step of removing the first element from the silicon alloy to obtain a porous material, and a heat treatment step of heating the porous material to diffuse elements other than Si to a surface of the porous material.

Abstract: The manufacturing method of a porous silicon material of the present disclosure includes a particle forming step of melting a raw material containing Al as a first element in an amount of 50% by mass or more and Si in an amount of 50% by mass or less to obtain a silicon alloy, a pore forming step of removing the first element from the silicon alloy to obtain a porous material, and a heat treatment step of heating the porous material to diffuse elements other than Si to a surface of the porous material.

Abstract: The manufacturing method of a porous silicon material of the present disclosure includes a particle forming step of melting a raw material containing Al as a first element in an amount of 50% by mass or more and Si in an amount of 50% by mass or less to obtain a silicon alloy, a pore forming step of removing the first element from the silicon alloy to obtain a porous material, and a heat treatment step of heating the porous material to diffuse elements other than Si to a surface of the porous material.

Abstract: A liquid composition is for use to feed carrier ions to a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery. The liquid composition includes a solvent and a dissolved substance. The dissolved substance includes an ionic compound. The ionic compound consists of a radical anion of an aromatic compound and a metal cation. The aromatic compound is a polyacene or a polyphenyl. The metal cation is an ion of the same type as the carrier ions.

Abstract: The manufacturing method of a porous silicon material of the present disclosure includes a particle forming step of melting a raw material containing Al as a first element in an amount of 50% by mass or more and Si in an amount of 50% by mass or less to obtain a silicon alloy, a pore forming step of removing the first element from the silicon alloy to obtain a porous material, and a heat treatment step of heating the porous material to diffuse elements other than Si to a surface of the porous material.

Abstract: A main object of the present disclosure is to provide a composition capable of conveniently feeding carrier ions which contribute to charge and discharge. The present disclosure achieves the object by providing an electrolyte solution-containing liquid composition for use to feed carrier ions to a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery, the electrolyte solution-containing liquid composition comprises a liquid composition including a solvent and a dissolved substance; and an electrolyte solution, a content of the electrolyte solution in the electrolyte solution-containing liquid composition is 30% by volume or more and 50% by volume or less, the solvent includes 1,2-dimethoxyethane, the dissolved substance includes an ionic compound, the ionic compound is composed of a radical anion of an aromatic compound and a metal cation, the aromatic compound is polyacene or polyphenyl, and the metal cation being an ion of the same type as the carrier ions.

Abstract: A main object of the present disclosure is to provide a method for producing an active material with a high productivity. The present disclosure achieves the object by providing a method for producing an active material, the method comprising steps of: a preparing step of preparing a dope solution including a metal ion that is an ion of a metal element M, and an aromatic hydrocarbon compound in a reduced condition, a precursor alloy producing step of producing a precursor alloy by doping the metal element M included in the dope solution to a Si raw material including a Si element, and a void forming step of forming a void by extracting the metal element M from the precursor alloy using an extracting agent.

Abstract: A liquid composition is for use to feed carrier ions to a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery. The liquid composition includes a solvent and a dissolved substance. The dissolved substance includes an ionic compound. The ionic compound consists of a radical anion of an aromatic compound and a metal cation. The aromatic compound is a polyacene or a polyphenyl. The metal cation is an ion of the same type as the carrier ions.

Abstract: A graphite material for a negative electrode of a lithium ion secondary cell disclosed herein is substantially configured of a graphite particle in which defects enabling intercalation/deintercalation of lithium ions have been formed on a basal plane and which includes a calcium (Ca) component.

Abstract: A negative electrode active substance material used for an electricity storage device of the present disclosure includes a silicon phase and a silicide phase represented by a basic composition formula MSi2, where M is one or more of Cr, Ti, Zr, Nb, Mo, and Hf. The negative electrode active substance material may have a structure in which the silicide phase is dispersed in the silicon phase.

Abstract: A graphite material for a negative electrode of a lithium ion secondary cell disclosed herein is substantially configured of a graphite particle in which defects enabling intercalation/deintercalation of lithium ions have been formed on a basal plane and which includes a calcium (Ca) component.

Abstract: A battery characteristic detecting method according to the invention includes a first step in which constant current discharge from a battery is performed at a predetermined current value, and a voltage during constant current discharge is measured; a second step in which overpotential for mass transfer control in the battery or resistance for the mass transfer control in the battery is calculated based on the voltage measured in the first step; and a third step in which a determination that a characteristic change has occurred in the battery is made, when the overpotential for the mass transfer control in the battery or the resistance for the mass transfer control in the battery calculated in the second step is larger than a predetermined threshold value.

Abstract: The present invention is to provide a cathode active material for an alkaline battery with a lamellar crystal structure including nickel oxyhydroxide. The cathode active material has a diffraction peak at a position that ranges from 8.4 degrees to 10.4 degrees in diffraction angle 2? by X-ray diffraction using CuK?-rays. In addition, the present invention provides an alkaline battery having a cathode having a cathode active material, an anode having an anode active material, and an alkaline water solution as an electrolytic solution. Furthermore, the present invention provides a manufacturing method for a cathode active material for an alkaline battery with a lamellar crystal structure including nickel oxyhydroxide. The manufacturing method has an oxidation process for manufacturing the cathode active material by oxidizing a starting material made from ?-type nickel hydroxide with a lamellar crystal structure in an airstream including alkaline water solution or alkali.

Abstract: An alkaline storage battery 1 has: a cathode 2 containing ?-type nickel hydroxide and/or ?-type nickel oxyhydroxide as a cathode active material; an anode 3 containing an anode active material; and an alkaline aqueous solution as an electrolytic solution 4. The alkaline storage battery 1 is configured to restrain at least part of a crystal structure of the cathode active material from changing due to charging or discharging and to restrain the cathode active material from exhibiting a new diffraction peak at a position that ranges from 8.4 degrees to 10.4 degrees in X-ray diffraction angle 2? by X-ray diffraction using CuK?-rays. It is preferable that an anion-exchange membrane layer 25 should be provided on a surface of the cathode 2.

Abstract: There are provided a water treating method and water treating apparatus which can significantly improve an effect of eliminating microorganisms contained in water intended for drinking and cooking or waster water and a hydroponics system using the apparatus.

Abstract: There is provided a water treating method which can not only improve an effect of eliminating microorganisms in water intended for cooking and drinking or waste water but also prevent a reduction in trace amounts of nutritional elements. In the method, at least a pair of carbon fibers capable of collecting at least microorganisms are immersed in for-treatment water, potentials of opposite polarities are applied to the carbon fibers, and the polarities of the potentials are switched at a predetermined time interval so as to adsorb the microorganisms on the carbon fibers. After the microorganisms are adsorbed, a positive potential is applied to one of the carbon fibers, and a negative potential is applied to the other so as to cause electrolysis. Then, an alternating voltage is applied to the carbon fibers so as to heat the for-treatment water and the carbon fibers.

Abstract: There are provided an electrode for electrolysis which takes into consideration safety to human bodies and environmental pollution upon disposal of the electrode, produces ozone with high efficiency and has excellent durability, a production process of the electrode, and an active oxygen producing device using the electrode. In an electrode 5 for electrolysis which has an electrode catalyst at least on the surface and produces ozone or active oxygen in for-treatment water by electrolysis, the electrode catalyst contains a dielectric which constitutes more than 70% of the surface area of the electrode catalyst.

Abstract: In a circulation system of treatment-object water (waste water), a water treating apparatus and a pH adjuster are provided. A carbon fiber that can collect at least microorganisms is disposed in the water treating apparatus. The carbon fiber is immersed in the treatment-object water, and potential is applied to the carbon fiber. Further, pH of the treatment-object water is adjusted by the pH adjuster in a direction in which adsorption of microorganisms in the treatment-object water to the carbon fiber is facilitated. As a result, the microorganisms are strongly attracted and adsorbed to the carbon fiber.

Abstract: A battery characteristic detecting method according to the invention includes a first step in which constant current discharge from a battery is performed at a predetermined current value, and a voltage during constant current discharge is measured; a second step in which overpotential for mass transfer control in the battery or resistance for the mass transfer control in the battery is calculated based on the voltage measured in the first step; and a third step in which a determination that a characteristic change has occurred in the battery is made, when the overpotential for the mass transfer control in the battery or the resistance for the mass transfer control in the battery calculated in the second step is larger than a predetermined threshold value.