Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes a first motor that drives an image forming unit and that includes a motor of a type that lacks a sensor for detecting a rotational position of a rotor of the first motor, and a second motor that drives a fixing unit. A control unit causes rotational driving of the second motor to start after completion of a first operation for detecting a rotational position of the first motor or a second operation for causing the rotor to rotate to a predetermined rotational position, such that an execution timing of the first operation or the second operation and a timing at which rotational driving of the second motor is started do not overlap.

Abstract: The present disclosure is to provide a microanalysis chip in which: a first channel chamber has a reference electrode arranged therein, the reference electrode having a surface on which an ion crystal having specimen solubility is arranged; a second channel chamber has a working electrode arranged therein; and a first channel and a second channel are configured so that, when a time period required for a specimen to reach the ion crystal after the specimen is dispensed to a dispensing section is represented by T1 and a time period required for the specimen to reach the working electrode after the specimen is dispensed to the dispensing section is represented by T2, the time period T1 and the time period T2 satisfy a relationship of T1>T2.

Abstract: An object is to provide a micro-analysis chip with which stable ion concentration measurement can be performed without increasing a chip size or prolonging a measurement time. In order to achieve this object, the following micro-analysis chip is provided. That is, provided is a micro-analysis chip when an average areal velocity which is an area of a region that a specimen has permeated during a period until a dispensed specimen reaches a reference electrode is represented by V1, and when an average areal velocity which is an area of a region that the specimen has permeated during a period until the dispensed specimen fills an inside of a first channel chamber after the dispensed specimen has reached the reference electrode is represented by V2, the average areal velocity V1 and the average areal velocity V2 satisfy a relationship of V1>V2.

Abstract: A motor control apparatus includes: an excitation unit configured to excite a plurality of excitation phases of each of a plurality of motors that include first to Nth motors and a control unit configured to control the excitation unit so as to perform detection excitation processing for sequentially exciting the plurality of excitation phases for each excitation cycle during each excitation period, regarding each of the first to Nth motors, and thereby detect rotor positions of the respective first to Nth motors. When detecting rotor positions of the respective first to Nth motors, the control unit delays a start timing of the detection excitation processing of at least one motor out of the first to Nth motors relative to a start timing of the detection excitation processing of another motor by a period shorter than the excitation period.

Abstract: A motor control apparatus includes an excitation unit and a control unit. The excitation unit includes switching elements connected to a power supply and to different motor coils. The excitation unit excites an excitation phase targeted for excitation among motor excitation phases by the control unit driving the switching elements. When the excitation phases are excited, the control unit drives, in a first time period and based on a first PWM signal, a first switching element connected to a first phase coil corresponding to a first phase of the excitation phase targeted for excitation and, in a second time period and based on a second PWM signal, drives a second switching element connected to a second phase coil corresponding to a second phase of the excitation phase. The control unit controls outputting a duty ratio of the second PWM signal to the second switching element in the second time period.

Abstract: A motor control apparatus excites an excitation phase targeted for excitation among a plurality of excitation phases of a motor. The motor control apparatus, in a state in which a rotor of the motor is stopped, excites an excitation phase corresponding to a stop position of the rotor among the plurality of the excitation phases, and measures a physical quantity which changes in accordance with an inductance of at least one of a plurality of coils configuring the plurality of excitation phases. The motor control apparatus estimates a temperature of the rotor from a measurement value of the measured physical quantity, and decides a parameter value for control of the motor based on the estimated temperature.

Abstract: A motor control apparatus includes: an excitation unit configured to excite a plurality of excitation phases of a motor; a measurement unit configured to measure a physical amount that changes according to an inductance of at least one of a plurality of coils that make up the plurality of excitation phases, when each of the plurality of excitation phases is excited; and a determination unit configured to determine a type of the motor based on measurement values of the physical amount measured by the measurement unit when each of the plurality of excitation phases is excited.

Abstract: A heating apparatus including: a first load; a first switch element configured to switch between supply of power from an AC power source to the first load and shut-off of power supply; a second load; a second switch element configured to switch between supply of power from the AC power source to the second load and shut-off of power supply; and a control unit configured to control the first and the second switch elements to prevent power from being supplied to both of the first load and the second load. The first switch element has the T1 terminal connected to one end of the first load, and the T2 terminal connected to the AC power source. The second switch element has the T2 terminal connected to one end of the second load, and the T1 terminal connected to the AC power source.

Abstract: A motor control apparatus includes: an excitation unit configured to excite a plurality of excitation phases of a motor; a measurement unit configured to measure a physical amount that changes according to an inductance of a plurality of coils that make up the plurality of excitation phases when the plurality of excitation phases are excited; and a control unit configured to control the excitation unit to excite the plurality of excitation phases sequentially, determine a first excitation phase by comparing a measurement value measured by the measurement unit in excitation of each of the plurality of excitation phases with a first threshold, and determine that a rotational position of a rotor of the motor is a rotational position at which the rotor stops when the first excitation phase is excited. The first excitation phase is determined, the control unit stops excitation.

Abstract: A motor control apparatus includes: an excitation unit configured to excite a plurality of excitation phases of each of a plurality of motors that include first to Nth motors and a control unit configured to control the excitation unit so as to perform detection excitation processing for sequentially exciting the plurality of excitation phases for each excitation cycle during each excitation period, regarding each of the first to Nth motors, and thereby detect rotor positions of the respective first to Nth motors. When detecting rotor positions of the respective first to Nth motors, the control unit delays a start timing of the detection excitation processing of at least one motor out of the first to Nth motors relative to a start timing of the detection excitation processing of another motor by a period shorter than the excitation period.

Abstract: A motor control apparatus includes an excitation unit and a control unit. The excitation unit includes switching elements connected to a power supply and to different motor coils. The excitation unit excites an excitation phase targeted for excitation among motor excitation phases by the control unit driving the switching elements. When the excitation phases are excited, the control unit drives, in a first time period and based on a first PWM signal, a first switching element connected to a first phase coil corresponding to a first phase of the excitation phase targeted for excitation and, in a second time period and based on a second PWM signal, drives a second switching element connected to a second phase coil corresponding to a second phase of the excitation phase. The control unit controls outputting a duty ratio of the second PWM signal to the second switching element in the second time period.

Abstract: A motor control apparatus excites an excitation phase targeted for excitation among a plurality of excitation phases of a motor. The motor control apparatus, in a state in which a rotor of the motor is stopped, excites an excitation phase corresponding to a stop position of the rotor among the plurality of the excitation phases, and measures a physical quantity which changes in accordance with an inductance of at least one of a plurality of coils configuring the plurality of excitation phases. The motor control apparatus estimates a temperature of the rotor from a measurement value of the measured physical quantity, and decides a parameter value for control of the motor based on the estimated temperature.

Abstract: A motor control apparatus includes: an excitation unit configured to excite a plurality of excitation phases of each of a plurality of motors that include first to Nth motors and a control unit configured to control the excitation unit so as to perform detection excitation processing for sequentially exciting the plurality of excitation phases for each excitation cycle during each excitation period, regarding each of the first to Nth motors, and thereby detect rotor positions of the respective first to Nth motors. When detecting rotor positions of the respective first to Nth motors, the control unit delays a start timing of the detection excitation processing of at least one motor out of the first to Nth motors relative to a start timing of the detection excitation processing of another motor by a period shorter than the excitation period.

Abstract: A heating apparatus including: a first load; a first switch element configured to switch between supply of power from an AC power source to the first load and shut-off of power supply; a second load; a second switch element configured to switch between supply of power from the AC power source to the second load and shut-off of power supply; and a control unit configured to control the first and the second switch elements to prevent power from being supplied to both of the first load and the second load. The first switch element has the T1 terminal connected to one end of the first load, and the T2 terminal connected to the AC power source. The second switch element has the T2 terminal connected to one end of the second load, and the T1 terminal connected to the AC power source.

Abstract: A motor control apparatus includes: an excitation unit configured to excite a plurality of excitation phases of a motor; a measurement unit configured to measure a physical amount that changes according to an inductance of at least one of a plurality of coils that make up the plurality of excitation phases, when each of the plurality of excitation phases is excited; and a determination unit configured to determine a type of the motor based on measurement values of the physical amount measured by the measurement unit when each of the plurality of excitation phases is excited.

Abstract: A motor control apparatus includes: an excitation unit configured to excite a plurality of excitation phases of a motor; a measurement unit configured to measure a physical amount that changes according to an inductance of a plurality of coils that make up the plurality of excitation phases when the plurality of excitation phases are excited; and a control unit configured to control the excitation unit to excite the plurality of excitation phases sequentially, determine a first excitation phase by comparing a measurement value measured by the measurement unit in excitation of each of the plurality of excitation phases with a first threshold, and determine that a rotational position of a rotor of the motor is a rotational position at which the rotor stops when the first excitation phase is excited. The first excitation phase is determined, the control unit stops excitation.

Abstract: A motor control apparatus includes: an excitation unit configured to excite a plurality of excitation phases of each of a plurality of motors that include first to Nth motors and a control unit configured to control the excitation unit so as to perform detection excitation processing for sequentially exciting the plurality of excitation phases for each excitation cycle during each excitation period, regarding each of the first to Nth motors, and thereby detect rotor positions of the respective first to Nth motors. When detecting rotor positions of the respective first to Nth motors, the control unit delays a start timing of the detection excitation processing of at least one motor out of the first to Nth motors relative to a start timing of the detection excitation processing of another motor by a period shorter than the excitation period.

Abstract: A period in which an adjustment unit adjusts a driving current such that the light irradiation unit emits a third light emission amount of light is switched to a period in which a light irradiation unit emits a second light emission amount of light, and the period in which the light irradiation unit emits the second light emission amount of light is switched to a period in which the light irradiation unit emits a first light emission amount of light.

Abstract: A printed circuit board of which a part of at least one side of the circuit board is divided by a division process including a first area where a component is placed, and a divided portion where the component is not placed, and which includes the part of the at least one side. Silk is applied to an entire area of the divided portion.

Abstract: A period in which an adjustment unit adjusts a driving current such that the light irradiation unit emits a third light emission amount of light is switched to a period in which a light irradiation unit emits a second light emission amount of light, and the period in which the light irradiation unit emits the second light emission amount of light is switched to a period in which the light irradiation unit emits a first light emission amount of light.