Abstract: A semiconductor device and a method of manufacturing a semiconductor device are disclosed. The method includes forming a trench, in a vertical direction of a semiconductor substrate having a plurality of photoelectric converting elements arranged on the semiconductor device, at positions between the photoelectric converting elements that are next to each other, forming a first conductive-material layer in and above the trench by implanting a first conductive material into the trench after an oxide film is formed on an inner wall of the trench, forming a first conductor by removing the first conductive-material layer excluding a first conductive portion of the first conductive-material layer implanted into the trench, and forming an upper gate electrode above the first conductor, the upper gate electrode configured to be conductive with the first conductor. The semiconductor device includes a semiconductor substrate, an image sensor, a trench, a first conductor, and an upper gate electrode.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a particulate composite which is free from fluorosurfactants having a high environmental impact, and can form a coating film that has excellent adhesion to a substrate and is uniformly adhered to the substrate even if containing a small amount of an adhesive component. The particulate composite of the present invention contains: a fluoropolymer; an adhesive polymer; and less than 0.1 ppm of a fluorosurfactant.

Abstract: The present invention aims to provide a fluorine-containing polymer powder that is environmentally less harmful and forms a sufficiently smooth film without impairing the properties of the fluorine-containing polymers. The present invention relates to a fluorine-containing polymer powder including a fluorine-containing polymer prepared by suspension polymerization, which contains less than 0.1 ppm of a fluorine-containing surfactant and has an average particle size of not less than 1 ?m and less than 100 ?m and a bulk density of 0.90 to 1.50 g/cm3.

Abstract: A stabilized fluorine-containing polymer powder having an average particle size of 5 to 100 ?m is prepared by contacting a fluorine-containing polymer powder, which is prepared by milling the fluorine-containing polymer and removing fine particles, fibrous particles and coarse particles by classification, with a fluorinating agent so that the total number of unstable terminal groups is decreased to 7 to 50 per 106 carbon atoms. This is a fluorine-containing polymer powder achieved a high coating efficiency in an electrostatic coating method and provides a film having good properties such as heat resistance, non-tackiness, low frictional property, chemical resistance, etc.

Abstract: The present invention provides a composition including a fluorine-containing polymer, and excellent in heat resistance even if only a small amount of additives is added to the composition. The present invention relates to a composition, comprising: a fluorine-containing polymer (a) and a cobalt compound (b).

Abstract: The invention provides a PTFE-containing aqueous dispersion composition which is excellent in mechanical stability and scarcely allows the formation of agglomerates due to fibrillation of the PTFE resin during transportation or processing thereof. This invention is a polytetrafluoroethylene-containing aqueous dispersion composition comprising a polytetrafluoroethylene resin (A), a hydrocarbon-derived nonionic compound (B) and a water-soluble high-molecular compound (C) having no oxygen atom in the main chain thereof.

Abstract: A stabilized fluorine-containing polymer powder having an average particle size of 5 to 100 ?m is prepared by contacting a fluorine-containing polymer powder, which is prepared by milling the fluorine-containing polymer and removing fine particles, fibrous particles and coarse particles by classification, with a fluorinating agent so that the total number of unstable terminal groups is decreased to 7 to 50 per 106 carbon atoms. This is a fluorine-containing polymer powder achieved a high coating efficiency in an electrostatic coating method and provides a film having good properties such as heat resistance, non-tackiness, low frictional property, chemical resistance, etc.

Abstract: A stabilized fluorine-containing polymer powder having an average particle size of 5 to 100 ?m is prepared by contacting a fluorine-containing polymer powder, which is prepared by milling the fluorine-containing polymer and removing fine particles, fibrous particles and coarse particles by classification, with a fluorinating agent so that the total number of unstable terminal groups is decreased to 7 to 50 per 106 carbon atoms. This is a fluorine-containing polymer powder achieved a high coating efficiency in an electrostatic coating method and provides a film having good properties such as heat resistance, non-tackiness, low frictional property, chemical resistance, etc.

Abstract: An optical disc recording apparatus records external data on an optical disc by using a semiconductor laser. The optical disc recording apparatus includes a circuit board. The circuit board is mounted with a power supply source and an MCM (multi chip module). The power supply source outputs at least one power voltage including a first voltage, and the MCM receives the at least one power voltage including the first voltage output from the power supply source. The MCM includes a first circuit and a second circuit. The first circuit includes at least one power supply circuit which generates at least one power voltage including a second voltage. The second circuit receives the at least one power voltage including the second voltage output from the at least one power supply circuit of the first circuit. An optical disc recording method is also described.

Abstract: A semiconductor laser driving apparatus controls a semiconductor laser to output a prescribed intensity of laser light. The semiconductor laser driving apparatus includes at least two semiconductor laser driving circuits each outputting a prescribed amount of current to the semiconductor laser when operated, and a control circuit selectively transmitting a control signal and controlling one or more semiconductor laser driving circuits to operate in accordance with a prescribed intensity of laser light to be irradiated from the semiconductor laser.

Abstract: The invention provides a PTFE-containing aqueous dispersion composition which is excellent in mechanical stability and scarcely allows the formation of agglomerates due to fibrillation of the PTFE resin during transportation or processing thereof. This invention is a polytetrafluoroethylene-containing aqueous dispersion composition comprising a polytetrafluoroethylene resin (A), a hydrocarbon-derived nonionic compound (B) and a water-soluble high-molecular compound (C) having no oxygen atom in the main chain thereof.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method of purifying an aqueous fluoropolymer emulsion by which fluorine-containing surfactants can be removed without lowering the dispersibility of the aqueous fluoropolymer dispersions. The present invention provides a method of purifying an aqueous fluoropolymer emulsion comprising; purifying an aqueous fluoropolymer emulsion by a specific technique of concentration wherein the aqueous fluoropolymer emulsion comprises a fluoropolymer and a fluorine-containing surfactant, said specific technique of concentration comprises concentration by phase separation, electric concentration and/or ion exchange concentration, and said concentration by phase separation, electric concentration and/or ion exchange concentration is carried out for removing the fluorine-containing surfactant.

Abstract: A fluorine-containing coating composition obtainable by compounding a macromolecular material with an ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene copolymer having an average particle diameter of 1 to 30 ?m. The macromolecular material is one occurring as a liquid or in a state dissolved in a solvent at below the melting initiating temperature of the ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene copolymer. Furthermore, a volume ratio between the ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene copolymer and the macromolecular material is 35:65 to 95:5.

Abstract: A stabilized fluorine-containing polymer powder having an average particle size of 5 to 100 ?m is prepared by contacting a fluorine-containing polymer powder, which is prepared by milling the fluorine-containing polymer and removing fine particles, fibrous particles and coarse particles by classification, with a fluorinating agent so that the total number of unstable terminal groups is decreased to 7 to 50 per 106 carbon atoms. This is a fluorine-containing polymer powder achieved a high coating efficiency in an electrostatic coating method and provides a film having good properties such as heat resistance, non-tackiness, low frictional property, chemical resistance, etc.

Abstract: A stabilized fluorine-containing polymer powder having an average particle size of 5 to 100 ?m is prepared by contacting a fluorine-containing polymer powder, which is prepared by milling the fluorine-containing polymer and removing fine particles, fibrous particles and coarse particles by classification, with a fluorinating agent so that the total number of unstable terminal groups is decreased to 7 to 50 per 106 carbon atoms. This a fluorine-containing polymer powder achieved a high coating efficiency in an electrostatic coating method and provides a film having good properties such as heat resistance, non-tackiness, low frictional property, chemical resistance, etc.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method of purifying an aqueous fluoropolymer emulsion by which fluorine-containing surfactants can be removed without lowering the dispersibility of the aqueous fluoropolymer dispersions. The present invention provides a method of purifying an aqueous fluoropolymer emulsion comprising; purifying an aqueous fluoropolymer emulsion by a specific technique of concentration wherein the aqueous fluoropolymer emulsion comprises a fluoropolymer and a fluorine-containing surfactant, said specific technique of concentration comprises concentration by phase separation, electric concentration and/or ion exchange concentration, and said concentration by phase separation, electric concentration and/or ion exchange concentration is carried out for removing the fluorine-containing surfactant.

Abstract: An optical disc recording apparatus records external data on an optical disc by using a semiconductor laser. The optical disc recording apparatus includes a circuit board. The circuit board is mounted with a power supply source and an MCM (multi chip module). The power supply source outputs at least one power voltage including a first voltage, and the MCM receives the at least one power voltage including the first voltage output from the power supply source. The MCM includes a first circuit and a second circuit. The first circuit includes at least one power supply circuit which generates at least one power voltage including a second voltage. The second circuit receives the at least one power voltage including the second voltage output from the at least one power supply circuit of the first circuit. An optical disc recording method is also described.

Abstract: A semiconductor laser driving apparatus controls a semiconductor laser to output a prescribed intensity of laser light. The semiconductor laser driving apparatus includes at least two semiconductor laser driving circuits each outputting a prescribed amount of current to the semiconductor laser when operated, and a control circuit selectively transmitting a control signal and controlling one or more semiconductor laser driving circuits to operate in accordance with a prescribed intensity of laser light to be irradiated from the semiconductor laser.

Abstract: An aqueous fluoroelastomer curable composition having an aqueous fluoroelastomer dispersion and a basic polyol curing agent, and an article having a coating film formed from this composition. The aqueous fluoroelastomer curable composition has a long pot life although it is a one-fluid type aqueous dispersion, and forms a cured film having sufficient strength and heat resistance at a relatively low temperature in a short time.

Abstract: The first and second aspects of the present invention have their object to provide a coating composition with which a layer mainly comprising a fluororesin and having a thickness comparable to that attainable by the two-coat technique can be formed by one-coat technique, desirably with the fluororesin disposed mainly on the substrate side and the binder resin disposed mainly on the coating film surface side remote from the substrate, and the surface layer thus can be formed in an arbitrary manner and which can be used in a wide range of fields.