Abstract: An electric motor apparatus providing increased output torque and allowing rotation in a predetermined direction includes a rotor 135 having a permanent magnet having two magnetic poles spaced from each other by approximately 180 degrees about a rotation axis, a stator having a substantially (T-shape (Y-shape) as a whole and having first, second and third magnetic pole portions 112, 114 and 116 disposed around the rotor and connecting portions 122, 124 and 126, which are narrow in their middle regions and each connects between an associated pair of adjacent magnetic pole portions, a first electromagnetic coil 140 inducing a magnetic circuit that passes through the first and second magnetic pole portions, and a second electromagnetic coil 142 inducing a magnetic circuit that passes through the second and third magnetic pole portions. The first and second electromagnetic coils are set parallel to and at opposite sides of the second magnetic pole portion 112.

Abstract: A light emitting diode comprising: a base substrate having a pair of electrodes; a reflection cup installed on the base substrate; a light emitting element arranged at a bottom of the reflection cup; and a resin sealant enclosing the light emitting element; wherein the light emitting element is electrically connected to the electrodes through an opening formed in the bottom of the reflection cup; wherein the reflection cup comprises a film body held in a cup shape and a metal film formed on a surface of the film body. This construction makes the control of light directivity easy and can produce light with a narrow directivity.

Abstract: A light emitting diode comprising: a base substrate having a pair of electrodes; a reflection cup installed on the base substrate; a light emitting element arranged at a bottom of the reflection cup; and a resin sealant enclosing the light emitting element; wherein the light emitting element is electrically connected to the electrodes through an opening formed in the bottom of the reflection cup; wherein the reflection cup comprises a film body held in a cup shape and a metal film formed on a surface of the film body. This construction makes the control of light directivity easy and can produce light with a narrow directivity.