Abstract: A novel display apparatus that is highly convenient, useful, or reliable is provided. The display apparatus includes a first light-emitting device including a first electrode, a first layer, a first unit, and a second electrode and a second light-emitting device including a third electrode, a second layer, a second unit, and a fourth electrode. The first unit is between the first electrode and the second electrode and includes a first light-emitting material. The first layer is between the first unit and the first electrode and is in contact with the first electrode. The third electrode is adjacent to the first electrode. A first gap is between the third electrode and the first electrode. The second unit is between the third electrode and the fourth electrode and includes a second light-emitting material. The second layer is between the second unit and the third electrode and is in contact with the third electrode.

Abstract: An organic EL element includes a substrate 20, a lower electrode 21, an upper electrode 26, and an organic layer 22. The organic layer 22 is provided between the upper and lower electrodes 21, 26. The upper and lower electrodes 21, 26 and the organic layer 22 are stacked on the substrate 20. A hole injection layer 23 and a light emitting layer 24 in the organic layer 22 are formed by using an electrospray method, and have a film-like structure in which fine particles are continuously bonded together.

Abstract: An organic EL element includes a substrate 20, a lower electrode 21, an upper electrode 26, and an organic layer 22. The organic layer 22 is provided between the upper and lower electrodes 21, 26. The upper and lower electrodes 21, 26 and the organic layer 22 are stacked on the substrate 20. A hole injection layer 23 and a light emitting layer 24 in the organic layer 22 are formed by using an electrospray method, and have a film-like structure in which fine particles are continuously bonded together.

Abstract: According to the present invention, a method for ultrafast and precise measurement and analysis of biomolecules using a small sample was established, and moreover, a compact and simple micro fluid device for implementing the method was provided. Using the method and the micro fluid device of the present invention, the ultrafast, instant, and precise analysis of biomolecules is possible, and there is a great deal of potential for application in the research field, manufacturing field or medical field, environmental monitoring and the like.