Abstract: An example embodiment includes a large observation device that observes the object using a quantum beam; a reproduction device that is installed in the large observation device and reproduces an input to the object in a state where the object can be observed by the large observation device; a dynamic state observation device that observes a dynamic state of a functional object functioning by a combination of a plurality of elements; a first information acquisition unit that functionally decomposes the functional object up to an element corresponding to the object and acquires first information that is input information to the element corresponding to the object; and a transmission unit that transmits the first information to the reproduction device, in which the reproduction device reproduces the input to the object on the basis of the first information.

Abstract: An exhaust gas purification catalyst contains an oxide 1 and an oxide 2. The catalyst has pores P1-260 with a pore size of from 1 nm to 260 nm, that can be measured by the nitrogen absorption method, and the total sum ?PV1-260 of the pore volume PV1-260 of the pores is equal to or greater than 0.79 cm3/g. The oxide 1 is an oxide with an oxygen release capability. The oxide 2 is represented by LaxM1-xM?O3-? (2), where M is at least one element selected from the group consisting of Ba, Sr and Ca, M? is at least one element selected from the group consisting of Fe, Co, Ni and Mn, ? is the amount of oxygen deficiency, x satisfies 0?x?1, and ? satisfies 0???1.

Abstract: An exhaust gas purification catalyst includes: a first catalyst unit that consists of a hydrogen generating catalyst including a noble metal and an oxide that contains lanthanum, zirconium and an additional element such as neodymium; a second catalyst unit that consists of an oxygen storage/release material and a perovskite oxide disposed in contact with the oxygen storage/release material and represented by the general formula LaxM11-xM2O3-?, where La is lanthanum, M1 is at least one element selected from the group consisting of barium (Ba), strontium (Sr) and calcium (Ca), M2 is at least one element selected from the group consisting of iron (Fe), cobalt (Co) and manganese (Mn), x satisfies 0<x?1, and ? satisfies 0???1; and a holding material that holds the first catalyst unit and the second catalyst unit in a mutually separated state.

Abstract: An exhaust gas purification catalyst includes: a first catalyst unit that consists of a hydrogen generating catalyst including a noble metal and an oxide that contains lanthanum, zirconium and an additional element such as neodymium; a second catalyst unit that consists of an oxygen storage/release material and a perovskite oxide disposed in contact with the oxygen storage/release material and represented by the general formula LaxM11-xM2O3-?, where La is lanthanum, M1 is at least one element selected from the group consisting of barium (Ba), strontium (Sr) and calcium (Ca), M2 is at least one element selected from the group consisting of iron (Fe), cobalt (Co) and manganese (Mn), x satisfies 0<x?1, and ? satisfies 0???1; and a holding material that holds the first catalyst unit and the second catalyst unit in a mutually separated state.

Abstract: An exhaust gas purification catalyst contains an oxide 1 and an oxide 2. The catalyst has pores P1-260 with a pore size of from 1 nm to 260 nm, that can be measured by the nitrogen absorption method, and the total sum ?PV1-260 of the pore volume PV1-260 of the pores is equal to or greater than 0.79 cm3/g. The oxide 1 is an oxide with an oxygen release capability. The oxide 2 is represented by LaxM1-xM?O3-? (2), where M is at least one element selected from the group consisting of Ba, Sr and Ca, M? is at least one element selected from the group consisting of Fe, Co, Ni and Mn, ? is the amount of oxygen deficiency, x satisfies 0?x?1, and satisfies 0???1.

Abstract: An oxidation catalyst is disclosed, which contains Ce and Ga, and a Ce—Ga composite oxide containing a solid solution in which a part of Ce is substituted with Ga. This oxidation catalyst is obtained in such a manner that pH of a mixed solution obtained by mixing a Ce-containing solution and a Ga-containing solution together is adjusted, and a precipitate obtained by coprecipitating Ce and Ga is dried and baked.

Abstract: An exhaust gas purification catalyst contains a first catalyst in which an oxide of general formula (1): LaxM1-xM?O3-? (where La is lanthanum, M is at least one selected from a group consisting of barium (Ba), strontium (Sr) and calcium (Ca), M? is at least one selected from a group consisting of iron (Fe), cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni) and manganese (Mn), ? is the amount of oxygen defect, and x and ? satisfy 0<x?1 and 0???1) is supported by an oxide capable of occluding and releasing oxygen, and a second catalyst containing a noble metal. The particle size of the oxide capable of occluding and releasing oxygen is within the range from 1 to 50 nm. The particle size of the oxide of the general formula (1) is within the range from 1 to 30 nm.

Abstract: A particulate matter purifying material is used for a filter catalyst for purifying particulate matter that is disposed in an exhaust gas flow path of an internal combustion engine, traps the particulate matter in exhaust gas generated in the internal combustion engine, and burns the particulate matter to be deposited, so as to be regenerated.

Abstract: An exhaust gas purifying catalyst having a high purifying ability even if noble metal is not used as an essential component, an exhaust gas purifying monolith catalyst, and a method for manufacturing an exhaust gas purifying catalyst, are provided. The exhaust gas purifying catalyst includes an oxide having an oxygen storage and release capacity, and an oxide represented by the following formula (1) supported on the oxide having the oxygen storage and release capacity, LaxM1?xM?O3????(1) (wherein La represents lanthanum, M represents at least one element selected from the group consisting of barium (Ba), strontium (Sr) and calcium (Ca), M? represents at least one element selected from the group consisting of iron (Fe), cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni) and manganese (Mn), ? represents an oxygen deficient amount, and x and ? fulfill conditions represented by 0<x?1 and 0???1, respectively).

Abstract: An exhaust gas purification catalyst contains a first catalyst in which an oxide of general formula (1): LaxM1-xM?O3-? (where La is lanthanum, M is at least one selected from a group consisting of barium (Ba), strontium (Sr) and calcium (Ca), M? is at least one selected from a group consisting of iron (Fe), cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni) and manganese (Mn), ? is the amount of oxygen defect, and x and ? satisfy 0<x?1 and 0???1) is supported by an oxide capable of occluding and releasing oxygen, and a second catalyst containing a noble metal. The particle size of the oxide capable of occluding and releasing oxygen is within the range from 1 to 50 nm. The particle size of the oxide of the general formula (1) is within the range from 1 to 30 nm.

Abstract: A lean NOx trap type exhaust gas purifying catalyst having a catalyst noble metal selected from a group consisting of platinum, palladium and rhodium, an inorganic oxide that carries the catalyst noble metal, and at least one NOx adsorbent one selected from a group of magnesium, barium, sodium, potassium and cesium. The inorganic oxide carrying palladium containing cerium in a CeO2-equivalent quantity in a range of 1 to 20 wt %, and at least one of aluminum and zirconium.

Abstract: A catalyst supporting body has a porous honeycomb base body having a porosity within a range of 40 to 60 vol. %. The body has a plurality of cells partitioned by cell walls arranged in a lattice-like shape. A coated catalyst layer made of a porous body having a void fraction of void spaces within a range of 53 to 63 vol. % is particularly supported on surfaces of the cell walls and in pores formed in the cell walls by a filling rate of not less than 40 vol. %. In an immersing step of a manufacturing method, a combination of a kind of catalyst slurry and the porous honeycomb base body is selected so that a cumulative-frequency at an intersection point between a pore distribution map and a particle size distribution map becomes not less than 80%. The pore distribution map indicates a relationship between pore sizes of pores in the porous honeycomb base body and a cumulative-frequency of the pores.

Abstract: An exhaust gas purifying catalyst having a high purifying ability even if noble metal is not used as an essential component, an exhaust gas purifying monolith catalyst, and a method for manufacturing an exhaust gas purifying catalyst, are provided. The exhaust gas purifying catalyst includes an oxide having an oxygen storage and release capacity, and an oxide represented by the following formula (1) supported on the oxide having the oxygen storage and release capacity, LaxM1-xM?O3-???(1) (wherein La represents lanthanum, M represents at least one element selected from the group consisting of barium (Ba), strontium (Sr) and calcium (Ca), M? represents at least one element selected from the group consisting of iron (Fe), cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni) and manganese (Mn), ? represents an oxygen deficient amount, and x and ? fulfill conditions represented by 0<x?1 and 0???1, respectively).

Abstract: A fibrous structure (10) of the present invention includes: long fibers (1) composed of an inorganic material; and short fibers (2) composed of the inorganic material and shorter than the long fibers (1), wherein at least one of the long fibers (1) and the short fibers (2) includes catalyst components (4), and a three-dimensional net-like structure is formed by the long fibers (1) and the short fibers (2).

Abstract: A lean NOx trap type exhaust gas purifying catalyst having a catalyst noble metal selected from a group consisting of platinum, palladium and rhodium, an inorganic oxide that carries the catalyst noble metal, and at least one NOx adsorbent one selected from a group of magnesium, barium, sodium, potassium and cesium. The inorganic oxide carrying palladium containing cerium in a CeO2-equivalent quantity in a range of 1 to 20 wt %, and at least one of aluminum and zirconium.

Abstract: An exhaust gas purifying catalyst (1) includes: a three-dimensional structural substrate (10) having a plurality of cells (11) partitioned by cell walls (12) having pores (13); and catalyst layers (20) formed in the three-dimensional structural substrate (10). The catalyst layers (20) have pore-cover portions (22) formed on surfaces (13a) of the pores (13) of the cell walls (12). In addition, the catalyst layers (20) of the pore-cover portions (22) have activated pores (22a) with a pore diameter of 0.1 micrometers to 10 micrometers. In the exhaust gas purifying catalyst (1), the obstruction of the vent holes (pores (13)) in the catalyst layers (20) can be controlled, and the pressure loss can be reduced.

Abstract: An oxidation catalyst is disclosed, which contains Ce and Ga, and a Ce—Ga composite oxide containing a solid solution in which a part of Ce is substituted with Ga. This oxidation catalyst is obtained in such a manner that pH of a mixed solution obtained by mixing a Ce-containing solution and a Ga-containing solution together is adjusted, and a precipitate obtained by coprecipitating Ce and Ga is dried and baked.

Abstract: A catalytic converter includes: a three-dimensional structural support having a plurality of cells partitioned by porous cell walls, in which a pore diameter of the cell walls is 10 ?m to 50 ?m and porosity of the cell walls is 40 vol % or more; and a catalyst-coated layer containing a catalyst component. The catalyst-coated layer is coated on surfaces of the cell walls of the three-dimensional structural support. 50 mass % or more of a total supported amount of the catalyst component on the three-dimensional structural support is present in a region from the surfaces of the cell walls of the three-dimensional structural support to surfaces of the catalyst-coated layer.

Abstract: A purifying catalyst includes catalyst powder composed of a transition metal oxide of which an average particle diameter is within 1 nm to 2 ?m and in which an electron binding energy of oxygen is shifted to an energy side lower than 531.3 eV. The purifying catalyst shows good purification performance even when noble metal is not contained as an essential component.

Abstract: A particulate matter purifying material is used for a filter catalyst for purifying particulate matter that is disposed in an exhaust gas flow path of an internal combustion engine, traps the particulate matter in exhaust gas generated in the internal combustion engine, and burns the particulate matter to be deposited, so as to be regenerated.