Abstract: It is intended to provide an organic peracid polymer composition which is stable, odorless and has sufficient water solubility and is suitably used as a bactericide, a bleaching agent and a cleaning agent. By mixing and dissolving an organic acid polymer, hydrogen peroxide and an inorganic acid and maintaining the mixture for a period ranging from 1 hour to 1 month at a temperature ranging from 10 to 80° C., the organic peracid polymer-containing composition containing an organic peracid polymer (2 to 50% by weight) and, in some cases, the hydrogen peroxide (2 to 50% by weight) and the inorganic acid (0.1 to 10% by weight) is obtained.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a tooth bleaching material containing peroxyglutaric acid and/or peroxypolyacrylic acid as a bleaching ingredient, as well as a method of bleaching teeth which includes the step of applying the tooth bleaching material in the form of a dilute solution or without dilution onto surfaces of discolored teeth. In accordance with the present invention, there is provided a tooth bleaching material for bleaching and removing colored sediments (colored or discolored deposits) on teeth which does not essentially require irradiation with light, and is readily used with a high safety and further suitable as a domestic bleaching material, as well as a tooth bleaching method using the above tooth bleaching material.

Abstract: It is intended to provide an organic peracid polymer composition which is stable, odorless and has sufficient water solubility and is suitably used as a bactericide, a bleaching agent and a cleaning agent. By mixing and dissolving an organic acid polymer, hydrogen peroxide and an inorganic acid and maintaining the mixture for a period ranging from 1 hour to 1 month at a temperature ranging from 10 to 80° C., the organic peracid polymer-containing composition containing an organic peracid polymer (2 to 50% by weight) and, in some cases, the hydrogen peroxide (2 to 50% by weight) and the inorganic acid (0.1 to 10% by weight) is obtained.

Abstract: A tooth bleaching material that is safe and has good operability and high bleaching effect and a tooth bleaching method using the tooth bleaching material are provided by bleaching and removing colored sediments (colored or discolored deposits) on a tooth with a tooth bleaching material containing hydrogen peroxide and/or a compound generating hydrogen peroxide in an aqueous solution, and a dicarboxylic anhydride, and also containing a basic compound and a thickening agent, and a tooth bleaching method containing attaching the tooth bleaching material to a surface of a discolored tooth after dilution or without dilution irradiating with light.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a tooth bleaching material containing peroxyglutaric acid and/or peroxypolyacrylic acid as a bleaching ingredient, as well as a method of bleaching teeth which include the step of applying the tooth bleaching material in the form of a dilute solution or without dilution onto surfaces of discolored teeth. In accordance with the present invention, there are provided a tooth bleaching material for bleaching and removing colored sediments (colored or discolored deposits) on teeth which do not essentially require irradiation with light, and is readily used with a high safety and further suitable as a domestic bleaching material, as well as a tooth bleaching method using the above tooth bleaching material.

Abstract: A flexible polymer optical waveguide device which is excellent in mechanical strength and durability against environments, particularly excellent in heat and chemical resistance, with maintaining characteristics of an optical waveguide and which can be easily produced, and a process for the production thereof, the flexible optical waveguide device having a structure in which a cured resin layer is formed on at least one surface of an optical waveguide film obtained by forming a refractive index distribution in a light-permeable polymer film, the cured resin layer(s) comprising a polyamide resin and at least one of an epoxy resin and a phenolic resin as main components.

Abstract: An optical device which can be fabricated without any axial alignment by optical measurement and can therefore be produced at a remarkably decreased cost, and which is composed of an optical waveguide part (1) obtained by perpendicularly cutting an optically-transparent polymer film having a glass substrate attached thereto and having a refractive index distribution formed, in a predetermined position measured from the position of the refractive index distribution as a reference, and a holder part (2) for holding the optical waveguide part (1) in a predetermined position, the holder part (2) having a horizontal guide surface (2H) and a vertical guide surface (2V), the optical waveguide part (1) having a glass substrate surface or a polymer film surface coherently attached to the horizontal guide surface (2H) of the holder part (2), and the optical waveguide part (1) having a perpendicularly cut surface coherently attached to the vertical guide surface (2V) of the holder part (2).

Abstract: A reflective type optical signal distributor comprising, in a housing (2), a plurality of optical input/output units (3) functioning as input and output terminals for an optical signal, an optical circuit assembly (6) for reflecting and separating the optical signal, and a plurality of guide optical fibers (8) for connecting the plurality of optical signals entering any one of the plurality of optical input/output units (3) and the optical circuit assembly (6), whereby an optical input/output units (3) is substantially equally distributed to all other ones of the plurality of optical input and output units (3), the optical circuit assembly (6) comprising an optical circuit in which a plurality of independent branched optical waveguides (22) merge into a single main optical waveguide (21), a reflective surface (4) formed at an end of the main waveguide (21), and the plurality of guide optical fibers (8) being connected to the corresponding plurality of independent branched optical waveguides (22).

Abstract: An optical waveguide module having a main-line waveguide, which is excellent in optical branching properties, important properties of a bus communication network, and the reproducibility of the above branching properties and is easy to produce, and an optical transmission equipment having the above optical waveguide module. The optical waveguide module having a main-line waveguide which is connected to the optical transmission path and works as part of the optical transmission path and a pair of branch waveguides (21,22) which are unidirectionally branched from the main-line waveguide, the main-line waveguide and the branch waveguides being formed by providing an optically transparent polymer film with a refractive index distribution, a light-receiving device (25) being connected to one (21) of a pair of the branch waveguides, a light-emitting device (26) being connected to the other (22).

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to allow an optical element to be obtained with good precision using a polymer film and a glass substrate as a reinforcer. The present invention is characterized by the fact that a polymer film is formed on a glass substrate which has been treated to prevent the glass substrate and polymer from separation. This allows an optical circuit pattern to be formed without producing separation between the glass substrate and polymer film when the film is formed. The dimensional precision of the configuration of the distributed index in the polymer film can be maintained generally to the same extent as the expansion and shrinkage of the glass substrate. In addition, a vessel obtained with a glass substrate as the bottom surface can be used as the casting vessel.

Abstract: The present invention provides a curved optical waveguide with reduced loss. Particularly, it relates to a waveguide with rectangular cross-section which has a curved portion, wherein the relation between the width D of the waveguide at the curved portion and the radius R of the curvature is R/D.ltoreq.500. This waveguide is provided with at least one cladding inside the core of said curved portion, thereby dividing the waveguide at the curved portion in a plurality of narrow optical waveguides. This enables a large reduction of the loss even in curved optical waveguides with sharp curves, and realizes inexpensive optical waveguides.

Abstract: An optical waveguide having stable low branching ratio is disclosed, which includes a primary optical waveguide portion coupled at a input end thereof to an input-side optical fiber. branched optical waveguide portions each having one end continuously connected to a output end of the primary optical waveguide portion and the other ends coupled to a plurality of output-side optical fibers and an introductory waveguide portion coupled to the input end of the primary optical waveguide portion and having a width substantially identical with a core diameter of the input-side optical fiber. Further, there is provided a method of producing an optical branching device in which the optical waveguide is formed.

Abstract: The present invention is an optical device including an optical circuit in which a plurality of branched optical waveguides are connected to a light receiving side and a light ejecting side of a main optical waveguide which mixes the entering light. The branched optical waveguides include a beginning and a terminal end. The terminal end is connected to an optical fiber and the beginning end is connected to the main optical waveguide. At least one of the branched optical waveguides has a slope or taper construction which is wider at the terminal end than at the beginning end, in order to improve lost variance and to reduce loss of light signals. The present invention also provides a method for manufacturing the above-described optical device to be used in optical local networks and optical instrumentation control systems.

Abstract: A multi-terminal star coupler having a circuit constituted by optical waveguides integrated on a substrate. For example, in a four-terminal star coupler, four uniformly three-dividing optical couplers are provided for branching from any one terminal to the other three terminals, and an optical waveguide from any one terminal to another terminal not adjacent to the one terminal includes an intersection portion where the optical waveguide intersects another optical waveguide lead from another terminal adjacent to the one terminal.

Abstract: A main optical waveguide portion and/or branching optical waveguide portions of the optical waveguide is tapered in such a way so as to expand towards the output side for reducing a coupling loss due to mismatching of numerical apertures N.A. between optical fibers and the optical waveguide, wherein the light entering the optical waveguide at an angle determined by the numerical aperture N.A. of the optical fiber gradually reduces its angle of incidence to an interface of the core and cladding as it passes by a portion where the taper is provided and when the light reaches the output side of the optical fiber, the numerical aperture N.A. thereof is effectively reduced to a value which is lower than the numerical aperture N.A. determined by a difference of refractive-indices in the optical waveguide. By making the numerical aperture N.A.