Abstract: A device includes a chamber that receives a consumable, a heating unit that heats the consumable received into the chamber, and a tubular sleeve that surrounds the chamber. The chamber includes an opening through which the consumable is inserted and a holding unit that holds the consumable. The holding unit includes a pressing unit, which presses a part of the consumable, and a non-pressing unit. The holding unit is provided with an air gap between the inner surface of the non-pressing unit and the consumable when the consumable is positioned at a desired position in the chamber, the air gap connecting the opening in the chamber and the end surface of the consumable positioned at the desired position in the chamber, or the opening in the chamber and the end surface of the consumable positioned inside the chamber and away from the opening in the chamber.

Abstract: An abnormality detection circuit includes: a plurality of voltage dividing circuits; a first selector configured to select and output one of a plurality of outputs of the plurality of voltage dividing circuits; a first comparator configured to compare an output of the first selector with a reference voltage; and a first detector configured to detect an abnormality based on an output of the first comparator, wherein the selection of the first selector is switched in synchronization with a vertical synchronization signal or a horizontal synchronization signal of a liquid crystal display device.

Abstract: An abnormality detection circuit includes: a plurality of voltage dividing circuits; a first selector configured to select and output one of a plurality of outputs of the plurality of voltage dividing circuits; a first comparator configured to compare an output of the first selector with a reference voltage; and a first detector configured to detect an abnormality based on an output of the first comparator, wherein the selection of the first selector is switched in synchronization with a vertical synchronization signal or a horizontal synchronization signal of a liquid crystal display device.

Abstract: An abnormality detection circuit includes: a plurality of voltage dividing circuits; a first selector configured to select and output one of a plurality of outputs of the plurality of voltage dividing circuits; a first comparator configured to compare an output of the first selector with a reference voltage; and a first detector configured to detect an abnormality based on an output of the first comparator, wherein the selection of the first selector is switched in synchronization with a vertical synchronization signal or a horizontal synchronization signal of a liquid crystal display device.

Abstract: A heater assembly includes a container including a cylindrical portion that forms a chamber in which a flavor generating article is contained, and a heater arranged in a peripheral surface of the cylindrical portion. The container includes a first channel extending along a longitudinal direction of the cylindrical portion and located adjacently to the chamber in a direction intersecting with the longitudinal direction of the cylindrical portion, and a second channel extending through the chamber along the longitudinal direction of the cylindrical portion. The first channel is in communication with the second channel.

Abstract: The purpose of the present invention is to provide a filler for a smoking article, a smoking article comprising the filler for a smoking article, and a method for manufacturing the filler for a smoking article. In one embodiment, the filler according to the present invention for a smoking article, said filler comprising a gel which contains a gelling agent and one or more gelation promoters, is characterized by having a tap density of 0.05 g/cm3 or less and a degree of suitability to compression filling of more than 60. In one embodiment, the filler according to the present invention for a smoking article is characterized by comprising a gel which contains pectin having an esterification degree of 12% or less and one or more gelation promoters.

Abstract: An abnormality detection circuit includes: a plurality of voltage dividing circuits; a first selector configured to select and output one of a plurality of outputs of the plurality of voltage dividing circuits; a first comparator configured to compare an output of the first selector with a reference voltage; and a first detector configured to detect an abnormality based on an output of the first comparator, wherein the selection of the first selector is switched in synchronization with a vertical synchronization signal or a horizontal synchronization signal of a liquid crystal display device.

Abstract: A portion tobacco product includes a tobacco filler containing leaf tobacco or a leaf tobacco component, and a first pouch containing a wrapping material having a function of controlling the permeation of a compound contained in the tobacco filler, wherein the tobacco filler is included in the first pouch.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display control circuit includes a current reduction rate setting circuit analyzes original gradations of pixels in an input image signal and sets a current reduction rate; a light emitting element control circuit adjusts a drive current of the light emitting element in response to the current reduction rate; a gradation changing circuit generates a display image signal in which the original gradations are changed to the display gradations; and a liquid crystal panel control circuit sets a transmittance of the liquid crystal panel in response to the display gradations of pixels included in the image display signal.

Abstract: A fabrication method for fabricating a metal oxide film introduces H2 gas and O2 gas or, H2O2 gas, into a catalytic reactor to make contact with a catalyst to generate H2O gas. The H2O gas that is generated is jetted from the catalytic reactor to react with a metal compound gas, to thereby deposit the metal oxide thin film on a substrate and fabricate the metal oxide thin film.

Abstract: A substrate processing method includes steps of: arranging a substrate in a chamber; introducing H2 gas at a first flow rate and O2 gas at a second flow rate independently from the H2 gas into a catalyst reaction portion in which catalyst is accommodated, wherein H2O gas produced from the H2 gas and the O2 gas that contact the catalyst is ejected from the catalyst reaction portion toward the substrate; and reducing a flow rate of the O2 gas introduced to the catalyst reaction portion to a third flow rate that is lower than the second flow rate, wherein the steps of introducing the H2 gas and the O2 gas and reducing the flow rate of the O2 gas are repeated in this order at a predetermined repetition frequency, thereby processing the substrate.

Abstract: A smoking article includes a carbon monoxide reducing agent including particles including a calcium aluminate represented by the formula (CaO)m(Al2O3)n, where 1/6?m/n?4/1, wherein the particles have a BET specific surface area of 2 m2/g or more and less than 20 m2/g.

Abstract: A carbon monoxide reduction catalyst for smoking articles includes particles, 90% by volume or more of which have a particle diameter within a range of 1 to 100 ?m. Each particle includes a transition metal oxide generated by heating a transition metal salt of an organic acid.

Abstract: A portion tobacco product includes a tobacco filler containing leaf tobacco or a leaf tobacco component, and a first pouch containing a wrapping material having a function of controlling the permeation of a compound contained in the tobacco filler, wherein the tobacco filler is included in the first pouch.

Abstract: A cigarette includes a shredded tobacco rod and a cigarette paper that wraps the outer peripheral surface of the shredded tobacco rod. The shredded tobacco and/or the cigarette paper contains a transition metal salt of an organic acid.

Abstract: A carbon monoxide reduction catalyst for smoking articles includes particles, 90% by volume or more of which have a particle diameter within a range of 1 to 100 ?m. Each particle includes a transition metal oxide generated by heating a transition metal salt of an organic acid.

Abstract: A disclosed substrate processing apparatus comprises a reaction chamber; a substrate supporting portion that is provided in the reaction chamber and configured to support a substrate; and plural catalyst reaction portions that are arranged in the reaction chamber in order to oppose the substrate supporting portion, and configured to produce a reaction gas by allowing a source gas introduced from a gas introduction portion to contact a catalyst and to eject the reaction gas to an inner space of the reaction chamber, thereby processing the substrate supported by the substrate supporting portion with the ejected reaction gas.

Abstract: A microreactor having a reaction mixture inlet, a reaction mixture channel, and a reaction mixture outlet is provided, in which a piezoelectric material that generates surface acoustic waves and has, formed on the surface thereof, a thin film having catalytic activity is disposed in the reaction mixture channel so that the inner surface of the reaction mixture channel is configured from the thin film. The thin film having catalytic activity can be constituted of a material selected from a group consisting of metals, metal oxides, and complexes of organic compounds. The microreactor attains remarkable improvements in the effect of stirring a reaction mixture and catalysis, whereby a chemical reaction can be evenly and efficiently accelerated. The microreactor is free from channel clogging and pressure loss and hence renders a stable and precise chemical reaction possible.

Abstract: A disclosed substrate processing method includes steps of: arranging a substrate in a chamber; introducing H2 gas at a first flow rate and O2 gas at a second flow rate independently from the H2 gas into a catalyst reaction portion in which catalyst is accommodated, wherein H2O gas produced from the H2 gas and the O2 gas that contact the catalyst is ejected from the catalyst reaction portion toward the substrate; and reducing a flow rate of the O2 gas introduced to the catalyst reaction portion to a third flow rate that is lower than the second flow rate, wherein the steps of introducing the H2 gas and the O2 gas and reducing the flow rate of the O2 gas are repeated in this order at a predetermined repetition frequency, thereby processing the substrate.

Abstract: A smoking article includes a carbon monoxide reducing agent including particles including a calcium aluminate represented by the formula (CaO)m(Al2O3)n, where 1/6?m/n?4/1, wherein the particles have a BET specific surface area of 2 m2/g or more and less than 20 m2/g.