Abstract: A transmission device includes: a transceiving unit transceiving a serial signal generated by serially converting data based on a clock signal of a frequency selected from frequencies used as clock components of the serial signal and including the clock signal of the selected frequency; a clock recovering unit receiving the serial signal received by the transceiving unit and recovers a recovered clock signal from the serial signal; a match determination unit receiving the recovered clock signal and determines whether a frequency of the recovered clock signal matches each of the frequencies; and a frequency controller performing, if the match determination unit determines that the frequency of the recovered clock signal matches each of the frequencies, a control to determine the frequency of the recovered clock signal as the matching frequency, wherein the frequency of the recovered clock signal is switched between the frequencies until the frequency is determined by the frequency controller.

Abstract: A transmission device includes: a transceiving unit transceiving a serial signal generated by serially converting data based on a clock signal of a frequency selected from frequencies used as clock components of the serial signal and including the clock signal of the selected frequency; a clock recovering unit receiving the serial signal received by the transceiving unit and recovers a recovered clock signal from the serial signal; a match determination unit receiving the recovered clock signal and determines whether a frequency of the recovered clock signal matches each of the frequencies; and a frequency controller performing, if the match determination unit determines that the frequency of the recovered clock signal matches each of the frequencies, a control to determine the frequency of the recovered clock signal as the matching frequency, wherein the frequency of the recovered clock signal is switched between the frequencies until the frequency is determined by the frequency controller.

Abstract: To realize a control apparatus for an internal combustion engine having a heating resistor type air flow rate measuring apparatus which can effectively remove salinity adhered to the heating resistor. Salt adheres not only to the heating portion of a heating resistor but also to lead members and supporting members. When a certain time period is passed after the current supply to the heating resistor is stopped, the salt adhered thereto absorbs moisture in the air by deliquescence, and becomes salt water near the heating resistor and the support members etc. Then, suction air flows through an auxiliary air passage by the cranking of the engine to disperse the salt water adhered not only to the support member parts but also to the heating resistor. Thus, even if the heating resistor is supplied with current after the dissipation, salt components do not remain on the heating resistor.

Abstract: To realize a control apparatus for an internal combustion engine having a heating resistor type air flow rate measuring apparatus which can effectively remove salinity adhered to the heating resistor. Salt adheres not only to the heating portion of a heating resistor but also to lead members and supporting members. When a certain time period is passed after the current supply to the heating resistor is stopped, the salt adhered thereto absorbs moisture in the air by deliquescence, and becomes salt water near the heating resistor and the support members etc. Then, suction air flows through an auxiliary air passage by the cranking of the engine to disperse the salt water adhered not only to the support member parts but also to the heating resistor. Thus, even if the heating resistor is supplied with current after the dissipation, salt components do not remain on the heating resistor.

Abstract: A process for producing a polytetrafluoroethylene porous film having excellent mechanical strength wherein pores have a substantially perfect circle and it is possible to uniformly control its pore size to a predetermined size. The porous film is obtained by compression molding polytetrafluoroethylene resin molding powders obtained by a suspension polymerization method to prepare a preform, sintering said preform at a temperature of at least 327.degree. C., forming it into a film, resintering the film at a temperature of at least 327.degree. C., quenching it at a cooling rate of at least 70.degree. C. per hour to reduce the crystallinity of polytetrafluoroethylene to 55% or below, and thereafter stretching said film at a stretch ratio of from 1.3 to 6.5 while heating it to a temperature of from 100.degree. to 320.degree. C.