Abstract: Provided is a vapor deposition method in which a deposition rate can be kept constant, it is not needed to unnecessarily increase a container temperature for improving a deposition rate, and vapor deposition of even a powder material that is easily thermally decomposed can be performed at a desired deposition rate, in vacuum vapor deposition using a powder material. The method is provided by using a container including an accommodating portion configured to accommodate the powder material and at least one opening for releasing vapor of the powder material from the accommodating portion, to perform the vacuum vapor deposition of the powder material by heating the container, in which, in a case where an area of an inner surface of the accommodating portion is S and a total area of the opening is O, a ratio of the total area O of the opening to the area S of the inner surface is 0.06% to 2% as a percentage of O/S.

Abstract: The present invention provides: a marker for determining critical stage kidney disease by using an indicator value based on the amount of D-alanine in the blood or the amount of D-alanine and L-alanine therein; a blood analysis method which uses said marker for patients undergoing surgery or intensive care; and a blood analysis system for determining critical stage kidney disease in patients undergoing surgery or intensive care.

Abstract: The present invention pertains to a pharmaceutical composition for the prevention or treatment of kidney disease, an inflammation inhibitor for the kidneys, an inflammatory cell death inhibitor for the kidneys, or a food for the prevention or improvement of kidney disease, that include D-serine or a derivative thereof. In addition, the present invention pertains to the use of D-serine or a derivative thereof, for the production of a pharmaceutical composition for the prevention or treatment of kidney disease.

Abstract: The present invention pertains to a pharmaceutical composition for the prevention or treatment of kidney disease, a kidney inflammation inhibitor, an inflammatory cell death inhibitor for the kidneys, or a food for the prevention or improvement of kidney disease, that include D-alanine or a derivative thereof. In addition, the present invention pertains to the use of D-alanine or a derivative thereof, for the production of a pharmaceutical composition for the prevention or treatment of kidney disease.

Abstract: The present invention addresses the problem of developing an analytical method which makes it possible to diagnose early or mild renal disorders. The method is based on calculating a disease-state index value for renal disorders on the basis of the quantities of D-form and/or L-form amino acids, from feces or intestinal content. By comparing the disease-state index value with a threshold value determined from the disease-state index values of a renal failure patient group and a healthy subject group, it is possible to diagnose a mild renal disorder patient group.

Abstract: The present invention addresses the problem of developing an analytical method which makes it possible to diagnose early or mild renal disorders. The method is based on calculating a disease-state index value for renal disorders on the basis of the quantities of D-form and/or L-form amino acids, from feces or intestinal content. By comparing the disease-state index value with a threshold value determined from the disease-state index values of a renal failure patient group and a healthy subject group, it is possible to diagnose a mild renal disorder patient group.