Abstract: Light-emitting devices are formed on a support substrate, whereas a black matrix is provided on a transparent opposed substrate. The support substrate and the opposed substrate are adhered to each other in the condition where the display devices are sealed with an adhesive resin and the adhesive resin is charged between the support substrate and the opposed substrate. In this case, alignment of the support substrate and the opposed substrate is conducted so that the surface of the opposed substrate provided with the black matrix is faced to the surface of the support substrate provided with the light-emitting devices and the black matrix is disposed faced to the spaces between the light-emitting devices. The alignment is conducted by disposing alignment marks provided on the surface of the support substrate provided with the light-emitting devices and alignment marks provided on the opposed substrate into a predetermined condition.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are an optical device and a base used for the optical device, the optical device of the present invention comprising a light transmittable base and a device constituent layer provided on the base, wherein the base includes, at least in a pixel formation region, continuously extending layers arranged to exhibit a cyclic refractive index distribution in the in-plane direction and to exhibit a specific refractive index in the thickness direction, and the base, on the device constituent layer side, has a surface roughness of 300 nm or less. Accordingly, the optical device having a long service life which is capable of extracting luminescence generated in an organic EL device from a light transmittable substrate to the external and of obtaining a high luminance even under low voltage drive and a base used for the optical device are achieved.

Abstract: An electroluminescence device is disclosed, comprising at least three kinds of laminated bodies, in each of which an emission region is independently present in each of a hole transfer layer and an electron transfer layer, the laminated bodies comprising the hole transfer layers each comprising a layer comprising a common material, and the electron transfer layers each comprising a layer comprising a common material, and the electroluminescence device emitting at least three colors of light.

Abstract: An organic electroluminescent element (“organic EL element”) capable of emitting light with high luminance by driving at a low voltage, and inhibiting deterioration in organic layers is provided. A surface treatment of an indiumtin oxide (ITO) transparent electrode with a titanate coupling agent containing phosphorus in the side chain thereof improves adhesion between the ITO transparent electrode and an organic hole transport layer. As a result, it is possible to increase the efficiency of injection of holes, improve low-voltage driving and luminance, and prevent deterioration in the organic layers.

Abstract: A luminescent device (for example an autoluminescent flat display and particularly an organic electroluminescent device or display using an organic thin film as an electroluminescent layer) having a plurality of luminescing units (pixels PX) each selectively made to luminesce by a current is provided with a control part (current control circuit part 40) for accurately controlling the brightness of the luminescing units by controlling the current flowing through each luminescing unit on the basis of a brightness signal from outside, which is preferably supplied as pre-programmed memory information. As a result, it is possible to realize distinct luminescing (image display) at all times even with a passive matrix type pixel structure.

Abstract: An organic electroluminescent device of a single heterostructure is fabricated by forming a transparent electrode (anode) of ITO, a hole transport layer, an electron transport layer and a metal electrode (cathode) in that order on a glass substrate. An exciton generation promoting layer is formed between the hole transport layer and the electron transport layer. The hole transport layer is a two-layer structure consisting of a hole transport light emitting layer or a hole injection layer, and a hole transport light emitting layer. Exciton generation in the hole transport light emitting layers 4a and 4b can be promoted. The hole injection layer enables efficient hole injection.

Abstract: An organic electroluminescent element ("organic EL element") capable of emitting light with high luminance by driving at a low voltage, and inhibiting deterioration in organic layers is provided. A surface treatment of an indiumtin oxide (ITO) transparent electrode with a titanate coupling agent containing phosphorus in the side chain thereof improves adhesion between the ITO transparent electrode and an organic hole transport layer. As a result, it is possible to increase the efficiency of injection of holes, improve low-voltage driving and luminance, and prevent deterioration in the organic layers.

Abstract: A luminescent device (for example an autoluminescent flat display and particularly an organic electroluminescent device or display using an organic thin film as an electroluminescent layer) having a plurality of luminescing units (pixels PX) each selectively made to luminesce by a current is provided with a control part (current control circuit part 40) for accurately controlling the brightness of the luminescing units by controlling the current flowing through each luminescing unit on the basis of a brightness signal from outside, which is preferably supplied as pre-programmed memory information. As a result, it is possible to realize distinct luminescing (image display) at all times even with a passive matrix type pixel structure.

Abstract: A novel bi-nuclear metal complex with greater luminescence and higher electron transfer potency and an optical device such as organic EL devices using therein the metal complex, are provided, together with a method for producing the novel complex at a higher efficiency. The complex containing specific ligands is represented by the following general formula:General formula ?I!:M.sub.2 (L.sup.l -O).sub.m (L.sup.2 -0).sub.n (L.sup.3 -0).sub.3-m-n Xp(wherein M represents a divalent metal atom or Zn; L.sup.1, L.sup.2 and L.sup.3 are ligands, individually different from each other;X represents an anion;"m" and "n" represent independently an integer of 0 to 3; and"p" represents an integer of 0 to 4.).