Abstract: A layered body includes: a substrate; and an oxide portion positioned on the substrate. An oxide that constitutes the oxide portion contains at least two or more rare-earth elements: silicon; and oxygen. The oxide that is contained in the oxide portion exhibits a diffraction peak derived from a (004) plane at a position of 2?=51.9°±0.9° in an X-ray diffraction pattern, and has an apatite crystal structure. The ratio of linear expansion coefficient of the oxide that constitutes the oxide portion in an a-axis direction relative to linear expansion coefficient of the substrate is 0.15 or more and 1.45 or less.

Abstract: The invention provides a gold-supporting catalyst comprising gold nanoparticles and a carrier consisting of porous ceramic obtained by firing a mixture comprising an aluminum compound, a lime component, and a plastic clay containing 1% by mass or less of feldspars and quartz, wherein the gold nanoparticles are supported in an amount of 0.01 to 10 parts by mass on the carrier based on 100 parts by mass of the carrier.

Abstract: A control apparatus for an internal combustion engine includes a controller. The controller determines whether a misfire occurs in any of the plurality of cylinders. If it is determined that a misfire occurs, the controller determines whether an intake valve is unable to open due to the malfunction of a valve lift mechanism. If it is determined that the intake valve is unable to open, the controller stops operation of the fuel injection valve corresponding to a cylinder of the plurality of cylinders, in which the misfire occurs, to stop a fuel supply to the cylinder from a next intake stroke until the malfunction of the valve lift mechanism is corrected, regardless of whether the internal combustion engine stops.

Abstract: A conveying belt having a belt body with oppositely facing inner and outer surfaces and a width between laterally spaced sides. The belt body has a first layer, with the first layer being an elastomer with a first plurality of discrete fibers therein having lengths substantially less than the width of the body. The lengths of the fibers in a second plurality of fibers in the first plurality of fibers are randomly oriented and reside substantially in a single plane. The invention is also directed to a method of making the conveying belt.