Abstract: A recording device that includes an obtainment unit that obtains image information representing an image; and a voltage application unit that applies a voltage with a frequency according to the image information obtained by the obtainment unit, to a pair of electrodes equipped with a display medium, the display medium having a multi-layered liquid-crystal phase provided between the pair of electrodes, the multi-layered liquid-crystal phase having a first layer capable of assuming a specific alignment when the applied voltage is greater than or equal to a pre-set first voltage threshold, and a second layer capable of assuming a specific alignment when the applied voltage is greater than or equal to a second voltage threshold. An application of a voltage to the pair of electrodes effecting a first voltage component and a second voltage component applied to the first layer and the second layer, respectively.

Abstract: The invention provides a liquid crystal layer in which an additive containing an aliphatic organic compound including at least one carbon-carbon double bond is added to a cholesteric liquid crystal in an amount of approximately 3 wt % or more and approximately 10 wt % or less.

Abstract: A driving method of a liquid crystal device for recording an image, the liquid crystal device including a liquid crystal layer having a cholesteric liquid crystal, a photoconductor layer accumulated on the liquid crystal layer, and electrodes, includes initializing an entire liquid crystal layer to a focal conic texture by applying a voltage exceeding a threshold value of transition from a planar texture to a focal conic texture, exposing the liquid crystal device imagewise while applying a voltage not exceeding a threshold value from the focal conic texture to a homeotropic texture upon non-exposure but exceeding the threshold value upon exposure and that provides bistability of the focal conic texture and the homeotropic texture with hysteresis upon non-exposure, and fixing a displayed image by releasing an application of voltage to change a part of the liquid crystal layer changed to the homeotropic texture to the planar texture.

Abstract: Sequentially performed are (1) an entire liquid crystal layer is initialized into a focal conic state, (2) an image is written onto the liquid crystal device by scanning with selecting exposure or non-exposure while applying a voltage that does not exceed a threshold value for a state change from the focal conic state to a homeotropic state during the non-exposure but exceeds the threshold value during the exposure and that causes the focal conic state and the homeotropic state to be bi-stable after the exposure, and (3) the application of the voltage is stopped to change a state of a portion, of which the state has changed to the homeotropic state, to the planer state. In (2), an electric field energy applied to an exposure portion of the liquid crystal layer is controlled to gradually increase from a start to an end of the series of scanning actions.

Abstract: A method drives a spatial light modulation device to record an image into the device. The device includes first and second light modulation layers. The method includes exposing the device to imagewise light while applying a first voltage between electrodes of the first light modulation layer. If the second light modulation layer has such a characteristic that a curve of an intensity of light, which has the same wavelength as the imagewise light and is applied to the second light modulation layer, versus a reflectivity of the second light modulation layer after finishing applying the light has a local maximum point, an intensity of the imagewise light in the exposing is larger than an intensity, which the curve has at the local maximum point, and in the exposing, the second light modulation layer has a reflectivity lower than a reflectivity, which the curve has at the local maximum point.

Abstract: A method for driving a light modulation element includes: applying light to the light modulation element in accordance with an image to be displayed on the light modulation element while applying a DC voltage between a pair of electrode layers of the light modulation element; and applying a pulse voltage having an opposite polarity to the DC voltage applied so far between the pair of electrode layers with the light being applied, and terminating the applying of the light when the applying of the pulse voltage is terminated. The applying of the light, the applying of the pulse voltage and the terminating of the applying of the light are executed sequentially.

Abstract: A laminated body comprises: a particle dispersion layer comprising a first material and particles dispersed in the first material, the first material being changed from a gel state to a sol state upon increase in temperature; and a coated layer comprising a second material, the second material is changed from a gel state to a sol state upon increase in temperature, is changed from a gel state to a sol state upon decrease in temperature, and shows a hysteresis behavior in sol-gel change upon change in temperature, wherein the particle dispersion layer in a sol state and the coated layer in a gel state are laminated in contact with each other, and in a state where each of the particle dispersion layer and the coated layer contains a solvent, a maximum temperature T1 where the first material maintains a gel state is less than a maximum temperature T2 where the second material maintains a gel state upon increase in temperature (T1<T2).

Abstract: A method for driving a reflective liquid crystal display having a selective reflection layer to record an image on the reflective liquid crystal display is provided. The method includes: selectively applying two or more kinds of voltages, which includes a voltage V1H exceeding an operation threshold value of the selective reflection layer and a voltage V1L not exceeding the operation threshold value of the selective reflection layer, to the selective reflection layer for a period of time TV1, so as to select, in the selective reflection layer, an area where the operation threshold value is exceeded and other area where the operation threshold value is not exceeded; and applying a voltage V2 to the selective reflection layer, the voltage V2 having a frequency differing from that of the voltages V1H and V1L.

Abstract: A method for driving a liquid crystal device to record an image on the liquid crystal device is provided. The liquid crystal device has: a pair of electrodes; and a liquid crystal layer of cholestric liquid crystal sandwiched between the pair of electrodes. The method includes: applying a voltage V1 higher than a threshold value of a phase change to the homeotropic phase to make the liquid crystal layer to be in a homeotoropic phase; applying selectively two voltages V2H and V2L higher than the voltage V1 to each portion of the liquid crystal layer; and applying a voltage V3 under a condition of such a magnification and application time that a portion to which the voltage V2H has been applied changes to a planar phase and a portion to which the voltage V2L has been applied changes to a focal conic phase.

Abstract: A method drives a spatial light modulation device to record an image into the device. The device includes first and second light modulation layers. The method includes exposing the device to imagewise light while applying a first voltage between electrodes of the first light modulation layer. If the second light modulation layer has such a characteristic that a curve of an intensity of light, which has the same wavelength as the imagewise light and is applied to the second light modulation layer, versus a reflectivity of the second light modulation layer after finishing applying the light has a local maximum point, an intensity of the imagewise light in the exposing is larger than an intensity, which the curve has at the local maximum point, and in the exposing, the second light modulation layer has a reflectivity lower than a reflectivity, which the curve has at the local maximum point.

Abstract: The present invention provides a light modulation element in which a visible image is written by simultaneously conducting irradiation of the light modulation element with exposure light according to image information which corresponds to the visible image and application of a voltage, having: a pair of electrodes to which the voltage is applied; a photoconductive layer which, when the light modulation element has been irradiated with the exposure light, shows an electric characteristic distribution corresponding to the intensity distribution of the exposure light; a liquid crystal layer to which a partial voltage derived from the voltage applied to the pair of electrodes and having a distribution corresponding to the electric characteristic distribution of the photoconductive layer is applied to record a visible image having an optical characteristic distribution corresponding to the distribution of the partial voltage; and a light shielding layer disposed between the photoconductive layer and the liquid cry

Abstract: A driving method of a stacked light modulating device for recording an image therein, which includes selective reflection layers each having a cholesteric liquid crystal, reflecting light with different wavelengths within a visible range, and being different in a lower threshold value of texture change from a planar to a focal conic texture with respect to an externally applied voltage and an upper threshold value of texture change from the focal conic to a homeotropic texture, and a pair of electrodes disposed outside, includes applying between the pair of electrodes voltages including a voltage V1 and have a same frequency, to select an area exceeding or not exceeding the upper threshold value in each of the selective reflection layers, and applying voltages including a voltage V2 and have a same frequency different from the voltage V1, to select an area exceeding or not exceeding the lower threshold value.

Abstract: A driving method of a liquid crystal device for recording an image, the liquid crystal device including a liquid crystal layer having a cholesteric liquid crystal, a photoconductor layer accumulated on the liquid crystal layer, and electrodes, includes initializing an entire liquid crystal layer to a focal conic texture by applying a voltage exceeding a threshold value of transition from a planar texture to a focal conic texture, exposing the liquid crystal device imagewise while applying a voltage not exceeding a threshold value from the focal conic texture to a homeotropic texture upon non-exposure but exceeding the threshold value upon exposure and that provides bistability of the focal conic texture and the homeotropic texture with hysteresis upon non-exposure, and fixing a displayed image by releasing an application of voltage to change a part of the liquid crystal layer changed to the homeotropic texture to the planar texture.

Abstract: An optical modulator is provided with an optical waveguide including an input-side single-mode waveguide for propagating inputted light at single mode, a multi-mode waveguide for propagating the light propagated from the input-side single-mode waveguide at plural guided modes, and an output-side single-mode waveguide for propagating the light propagated from the multi-mode waveguide at single mode to output the light. A lower electrode layer is disposed below the multi-mode waveguide, and an upper electrode is disposed above the multi-mode waveguide. The upper electrode cooperates with the lower electrode layer to apply an electric field to the multi-mode waveguide. A phase of each of the guided modes propagating through the multi-mode waveguide is modulated by applying an electric field to the multi-mode waveguide, and intensity of the light outputted from the output-side single-mode waveguide is modulated by an interference of the phase-modulated guided modes.

Abstract: An optical modulator is provided with an optical waveguide including an input-side single-mode waveguide for propagating inputted light at single mode, a multi-mode waveguide for propagating the light propagated from the input-side single-mode waveguide at plural guided modes, and an output-side single-mode waveguide for propagating the light propagated from the multi-mode waveguide at single mode to output the light. A lower electrode layer is disposed below the multi-mode waveguide, and an upper electrode is disposed above the multi-mode waveguide. The upper electrode cooperates with the lower electrode layer to apply an electric field to the multi-mode waveguide. A phase of each of the guided modes propagating through the multi-mode waveguide is modulated by applying an electric field to the multi-mode waveguide, and intensity of the light outputted from the output-side single-mode waveguide is modulated by an interference of the phase-modulated guided modes.

Abstract: A three-dimensional semiconductor integrated circuit apparatus which permits ready electrical connection and is resistant to deformation and easy to fabricate and a manufacturing method therefor are provided. A second semiconductor substrate is stacked over a third semiconductor substrate, and a first semiconductor substrate is stacked over the second semiconductor substrate. A second integrated circuit is formed over the surface layer of the second semiconductor substrate, and the integrated circuit side of the second semiconductor substrate is bonded to the integrated circuit side of the first semiconductor substrate, resulting in the electrical connection of the first integrated circuit formed over the surface layer of the first semiconductor substrate and the second integrated circuit.

Abstract: A three-dimensional semiconductor integrated circuit apparatus which permits ready electrical connection and is resistant to deformation and easy to fabricate and a manufacturing method therefor are provided. A second semiconductor substrate is stacked over a third semiconductor substrate, and a first semiconductor substrate is stacked over the second semiconductor substrate. A second integrated circuit is formed over the surface layer of the second semiconductor substrate, and the integrated circuit side of the second semiconductor substrate is bonded to the integrated circuit side of the first semiconductor substrate, resulting in the electrical connection of the first integrated circuit formed over the surface layer of the first semiconductor substrate and the second integrated circuit.

Abstract: A process for producing optoelectric articles, in which an optoelectric single crystal film is formed on an optoelectric single crystal substrate, is disclosed. The optoelectric single crystal substrate is exposed to a liquid phase in a supercooling state of a melt including a solute and a melting medium, and the optoelectric single crystal film is formed by a liquid phase epitaxial process. In this case, a viscosity of the liquid phase is set to 75%.about.95% preferably 75%.about.90% with respect to a viscosity at which a degree of supercooling of the liquid phase is zero.