Abstract: A push button structure reduces the manufacturing cost as well as thickness by improving the configuration of functional parts of the push button structure. A pipe is fixed in a through-hole of an external case, and the shaft of an operating member is inserted slidably to the pipe. A cylindrical flexible member is held between the pipe and the crown of the operating member.

Abstract: In a display device, a light ray transmitted through an area which varies a polarization axis, and a light ray transmitted through an area which does not vary the polarization axis, respectively, become a linearly polarized light component (a first returning light ray) which is a specularly reflected from a specular reflecting element, and transmitted through a second polarization separator, a polarization changing element, and a first polarization separator, and a linearly polarized light component (a second returning light ray) which is specularly reflected by the second polarization separator, and transmitted through the polarization changing element and the first polarization separator. The first and second returning light rays present a background portion and a segment portion in a bright display. Both the first returning light ray and the second returning light ray are specularly reflected, presenting both the background portion and the segment portion in a mirror-like fashion.

Abstract: A display device and an electronic timepiece displays information, such as numerical information, and the background has a glossy silver metallic tone, to give the display a quality appearance. The display device and the electronic timepiece includes a polarizer, a liquid crystal panel, and a polarization separating film. The polarization separating film transmits linearly polarized light oriented in a certain direction and reflects all other linearly polarized light. The surface of the polarization separating film which opposes the liquid crystal panel, is formed into a smooth surface which specularly reflects light, and a light-scattering layer is not provided therebetween. Light, reflected from the polarization separating film, is used to produce a glossy silver background color or information display with a metallic tone in order to give the display a quality appearance.

Abstract: A liquid crystal panel has window portions at positions corresponding to pixels and a light modulator provided with a light modulation portion at a position corresponding to non-pixel-display portions. An electric field is not applied to pixels needed for forming a desired display pattern such, as a numeral. The pixels not receiving the electric field produce a bright image. An electric field is applied to pixels are not part of the desired display pattern. Pixels that to which the electric field is applied whereby a display mode of reverse display (negative pattern) can be realized.

Abstract: A display device is provided which is able to effect high visibility display utilizing external light, and which is able to effect reflective display with a combination of various textures and color. The display device includes a first polarized-light separating member for transmitting a linearly polarized light component polarized in a first direction, a transmitted light polarization axis changing device capable of selecting states of changing and not changing a transmitted light polarization axis, a second polarized-light separating member for transmitting a linearly polarized light component in a polarized second direction and for mirror-reflecting a linearly polarized light perpendicular to the linearly polarized light component, and a reflecting element disposed in that order. Coloring layers or light-diffusing layers are formed on the surface or the back of the second polarized-light separating member.

Abstract: A display device and an electronic watch permit various information to be clearly distinguished from a background when a solar battery is placed within a display area for displaying the information. A display device and the like include a polarizer, a liquid crystal layer, a polarization separating film, and a solar battery. The polarization separating film operates to transmit linearly polarized light polarized in one direction and to reflect other linearly polarized light. Since the surface of the solar battery has a dark color, such as black, a dark-colored background is displayed by light traveling along an optical path. Information, such as numbers, is displayed in a light reflection color by light that is reflected by the polarization separating film and travels along an optical path. The information, such as numbers, is displayed in a light reflection color.

Abstract: An electronic timepiece provides a bright and easy-to-read display, and a greater variety of display forms of numerical information, or the like, and a greater variety of background colors. The electronic timepiece may include a polarizer, a liquid crystal element, and a polarization separating film. The polarization separating film transmits linearly polarized light polarized in a certain direction and reflects all other linearly polarized light. The internal structure of the polarization separating film may be divided, in a plane, into polarization separating portions which reflect light of different wavelengths. The polarization separating film reflects different colors in correspondence to the polarization separating portions. Using a reflecting-type polarization separating film allows a bright display to be realized, and providing a plurality of polarization separating portions allows a greater variety of display forms to be realized.

Abstract: A display device and an electronic timepiece displays information, such as numerical information, and the background has a glossy silver metallic tone, to give the display a quality appearance. The display device and the electronic timepiece includes a polarizer, a liquid crystal panel, and a polarization separating film. The polarization separating film transmits linearly polarized light oriented in a certain direction and reflects all other linearly polarized light. The surface of the polarization separating film which opposes the liquid crystal panel, is formed into a smooth surface which specularly reflects light, and a light-scattering layer is not provided therebetween. Light, reflected from the polarization separating film, is used to produce a glossy silver background color or information display with a metallic tone in order to give the display a quality appearance.

Abstract: In a display device used in an electronic watch or the like, information such as numeric characters or the like and a background are bright and easily displayed. In addition, various information is provided to a viewer, and attracting the viewer's interest is facilitated. The display device includes components of a polarizer, a liquid crystal panel and a polarization separation film. The polarization separation film has a function of transmitting linearly polarized light in one direction and of reflecting other linearly polarized light. A pattern such as a logo, a mark, a character or the like is formed by printing on a light-reflecting layer provided at the back of the polarization separation film. Information such as numeric characters or the like is not displayed as a background of a single color with no pattern, but after rendering a pattern such as a character or the like a background, both information such as numeric characters or the like and the background can be displayed simultaneously.

Abstract: A display device including a color polarizer (11), a liquid-crystal panel (8) and a polarizing splitter (32). The color polarizer (11) transmits all wavelengths (arrows Q and S) or a specific wavelength of a light ray (arrows P and R) depending on the direction of the polarization axis of the linearly polarized light ray. The polarizing splitter (32) transmits a light ray linearly polarized in one direction (arrows Q and R) and reflects the remainder of the linearly polarized light rays. A reflective display presents two display states depending on light paths P and S, and a transmissive display presents two display states depending on light paths T and U, and in either case, a multi-color display is obtained. Since the light reflection from the polarizing splitter is used during a reflective displaying, a bright display results.

Abstract: The temperature dependence of the difference in oscillation frequency between two quartz resonators caused by the pressure difference between the two quartz resonators as well as the intrinsic physical properties between them can be compensated accurately and at low cost by calibrating the difference in oscillation frequency between the two quartz resonators by means of a quadratic formula with regard to temperature or by reducing the temperature dependence of the difference in oscillation frequency by connecting a thermistor to oscillation circuits. Pulses from each of an oscillation circuit (1) including a quartz resonator placed in vacuum and another oscillation circuit (2) including a quartz resonator placed in an atmospheric pressure are counted by pulse counters (3, 4). The difference between the pulse counts is obtained by a subtracter (5) and sent out to an MPU (6) as a measured value.