Abstract: In a process synchronization control system for performing a synchronization process of synchronizing a process among redundant channels, each of the channels includes an input unit; an output unit; a processing unit; a process execution timer which is used for executing a process in the channels; and a waiting time measurement timer which measures a waiting time in the synchronization process, in which the processing unit executes: a synchronization signal output process of outputting the synchronization signal to other channels at the start of the synchronization process; a synchronization signal input process of waiting for the synchronization signal input from the other channels until a predetermined waiting time by the waiting time measurement timer elapses; and a timer synchronization process of synchronizing the process execution timer if the synchronization signal of the other channels is input after the elapse of the waiting time.

Abstract: In a process synchronization control system for performing a synchronization process of synchronizing a process among redundant channels, each of the channels includes an input unit; an output unit; a processing unit; a process execution timer which is used for executing a process in the channels; and a waiting time measurement timer which measures a waiting time in the synchronization process, in which the processing unit executes: a synchronization signal output process of outputting the synchronization signal to other channels at the start of the synchronization process; a synchronization signal input process of waiting for the synchronization signal input from the other channels until a predetermined waiting time by the waiting time measurement timer elapses; and a timer synchronization process of synchronizing the process execution timer if the synchronization signal of the other channels is input after the elapse of the waiting time.

Abstract: A lubricating oil according to the present invention is a lubricating oil used in a friction-type driving force transmission apparatus, the lubricating oil including: at least one of two additives; a first additive selected from at least one of an aliphatic amine having a saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon group with a carbon number of 12 to 20 (Chemical Formula 1) and an aliphatic amine ethylene oxide adduct having a saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon group with a carbon number of 12 to 20 (Chemical Formula 2); and a second additive selected from at least one of a phosphorous acid diester having a saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon group with a carbon number of 12 to 20 (Chemical Formula 3) and a phosphorous acid monoester having a saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon group with a carbon number of 12 to 20 (Chemical Formula 4).

Abstract: A lubricating oil used in a friction-type drive power transmission apparatus which includes: at least one of two additives; a first additive selected from at least one of an aliphatic amine having a saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon group with a carbon number of 12 to 20 (Chemical Formula 1) and an aliphatic amine ethylene oxide adduct having a saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon group with a carbon number of 12 to 20 (Chemical Formula 2).

Abstract: The accessary for attenuated total reflection infrared spectroscopy comprises a condenser mirror, a crystalline element, a sample-supporting portion holding the crystalline element, an objective mirror, and a slit. The crystalline element has an incident surface, a totally reflecting surface, and an exit surface. A sample to be investigated is contacted with the totally reflecting surface The focused point of the infrared radiation from the condenser mirror is at the point of measurement on the totally reflecting surface of the crystalline element The focus of the objective mirror can be brought to the point of measurement on the sample surface. A point analysis, line analysis, or area surface on the order of 10 .mu.m can be made while observing the sample with the naked eye with the objective mirror. The invention further includes improvements in the mechanism for automatically adjusting the focus of the objective mirror when the measurement point is changed.

Abstract: There is provided by this invention a finely divided hydrated silica gel which has a specific surface area of 530 -720 m.sup.2 /g, preferably 550-650 m.sup.2 /g, a pore volume of 0.9-1.5 ml/g, preferably 1.0-1.4 ml/g, a mean pore diameter of 50-120 .ANG., preferably 60-100 .ANG., a water content of 7-25% by weight, preferably 8-13% by weight (wet weight basis), and moreover the pH of which as a 5% aqueous suspension is 6.0-8.0, thereby producing a silica gel suitable for stabilization treatment of beer, and for reduction of the colloidal components in beer.

Abstract: There is provided by this invention a finely divided hydrated silica gel which has a specific surface area of 530-720 m.sup.2 /g, preferably 550-650 m.sup.2 g, a pore volume of 0.9-1.5 ml/g, preferably 1.0-1.4 ml/g, a mean pore diameter of 50-120 .ANG., preferably 60-100 .ANG., a water content of 7-25% by weight, preferably 8-13% by weight (wet weight basis), and moreover the pH of which as a 5% aqueous suspension is 6.0-8.0, thereby producing a silica gel suitable for stabilization treatment of beer, and for reduction of the colloidal components in beer.