Abstract: The present invention discloses a liquid crystal display apparatus including (1) a liquid crystal panel including an electrodes substrate provided with pixel electrodes and counter electrodes, a counter substrate which opposes the electrodes substrate, and a liquid crystal layer containing therein liquid crystal molecules which are driven by an electric field that is generated in a substantially parallel manner with respect to a surface of the electrodes substrate when voltage is applied on the pixel electrodes and counter electrodes; and (2) a driving circuit for supplying predetermined electric signals to the pixel electrodes and the counter electrodes, wherein inclining directions of liquid crystal molecules which are closest to the electrodes substrate and those of liquid crystal molecules which are closest to the counter substrate are identical, and aligning directions of liquid crystal molecules which are closest to the electrodes substrate and those of liquid crystal molecules which are closest to the

Abstract: A fluid coupling includes an operation plate for defining storage and working chambers in a housing and having a communicating hole for fluid communication between the two, a driven wheel arranged adjacent to the operation plate, a torque-transfer part for transmitting torque of a rotor to the housing, and a valve mechanism for opening and closing the communicating hole. An auxiliary chamber, which is arranged in the driven wheel, brings working fluid out of the communicating hole to the torque-transfer part. A positioning mechanism ensures circumferential positioning of the operation plate and the driven wheel.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing an in-plane switching liquid crystal display apparatus which includes forming on a TFT array substrate, a plurality of scanning signal lines, a plurality of image signal lines each crossing the scanning signal lines, thin film transistors at each intersection of the scanning signal lines and image signal lines, liquid crystal driving electrodes opposing the liquid crystal driving electrodes, and common signal lines connected to the common electrodes. Further, the method includes opposing a counter substrate to the TFT array substrate, interposing a plurality of spacers in a gap between the TFT array substrate and the counter substrate, and interposing a sealing agent in the gap between the TFT array substrate and the counter substrate so as to adhere the TFT array substrate and the counter substrate at peripheral portions thereof.

Abstract: A viscous fluid coupling includes a housing rotatably supported to a drive shaft of an engine. An operation plate set in the housing divides a space of the housing into a reservoir and an operation chamber. The operation plate has a communication hole communicating the reservoir and the operation chamber. A rotor fixed to the drive shaft is disposed in the operation chamber. A valve mechanism installed to the operation plate to close and open the communication hole according to ambient temperature of the housing. A driven wheel fixed to the housing is located between the operation plate and the rotor. A torque transmitting section includes a first annular projection concentrically formed on the driven wheel and a plurality of second annular projections concentrically formed on the rotor. The first annular projections are overlappedly adjacent to the second annular projections so as to establish fluid coupling therebetween through the viscous fluid.

Abstract: A viscous fluid coupling includes a housing rotatably supported to a drive shaft of an engine. An operation plate set in the housing divides a space of the housing into a reservoir and an operation chamber. The operation plate has a communication hole communicating the reservoir and the operation chamber. A rotor fixed to the drive shaft is disposed in the operation chamber. A valve mechanism installed to the operation plate to close and open the communication hole according to ambient temperature of the housing. A driven wheel fixed to the housing is located between the operation plate and the rotor. A torque transmitting section includes a first annular projection concentrically formed on the driven wheel and a plurality of second annular projections concentrically formed on the rotor. The first annular projections are overlappedly adjacent to the second annular projections so as to establish fluid coupling therebetween through the viscous fluid.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display apparatus of the present invention includes an array substrate, a counter substrate, and liquid crystal that is interposed and held by a space formed by maintaining the array substrate and the counter substrate at a specified interval in a parallel manner, the liquid crystal display apparatus being of in-plane switching in which voltage is impressed on a pair of electrodes disposed on the array substrate to generate an electric field substantially parallel with respect to the array substrate surface and in which liquid crystal is driven through in-plane switching of liquid crystal molecules, wherein the array substrate is formed with a conductive film layer on a surface opposite to the surface on which the pair of electrodes are disposed. Providing a liquid crystal display apparatus with no electric charged being stored on the substrate surface thereof and no afterimages appear.

Abstract: The liquid crystal display apparatus of present invention includes a TFT array substrate on which there are formed scanning signal lines, image signal lines, thin film transistors, liquid crystal driving electrodes, common electrodes and common signal lines, a counter substrate which opposes the TFT array substrate, primary spacers for maintaining a gap between both substrates constant, secondary spacers for maintaining a gap in peripheral portions of both substrates constant, a seal member which is interposed in the gap between both substrates together with the secondary spacers and which adhere peripheral portions of both substrates, and a liquid crystal layer, wherein the in-plane retardation of the display apparatus (.DELTA.n).multidot.(d.sub.max -d.sub.min) is not less than 0 nm and not more than 20 nm, whereby variations in colors occurring in liquid crystal display apparatuses of IPS type which are due to unevenness of liquid crystal layers can be eliminated.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display composed of an array substrate; a color filter substrate; a liquid crystal material interposed therebetween; a plurality of parallely spaced gate bus lines; a plurality of parallely spaced source bus lines; a plurality of pixel electrodes; a plurality of colored layers; and a light shield portion; wherein at a central portion of the first pixel pattern, gravity center of first pixel portion provided at the central portion of the first pixel pattern corresponds to gravity center of second pixel portion provided at a central portion of the second pixel pattern; and wherein at an end portion of the first pixel pattern, with respect to each viewing angle to each pixel, each second distance between any two adjacent gravity centers of pixels provided in the second pixel pattern is reduced to be shorter by prescribed length than each corresponding first distance between any two adjacent gravity centers of pixels corresponding to gravity centers of pixels provided in the first pixel pattern,

Abstract: A viscous fluid clutch includes a housing rotatably mounted to a drive shaft and a clutch plate attached to the drive shaft. These relatively rotatable members have a fluid shear space therebetween and cooperable with a fluid medium in the shear space to provide a shear-type fluid drive therebetween. The housing includes a reservoir, an operating chamber and a pump outlet opening communicating between the operating chamber and the reservoir. An annular wall is secured at its inner and outer peripheral edges to the clutch plate and includes an annular bend between the outer and inner peripheral edges to define an annular auxiliary reservoir in cooperation with the clutch plate. The housing has an annular recess accommodating the annular bend. The annular recess is defined by a cylindrical inner surface. This cylindrical inner surface and the opposed surface of the annular bend define therebetween an annular passage communicating with the operating chamber.

Abstract: A letter pattern recognition method preprocesses each character pattern to effect characteristic extraction based on elements such as a loop, a straight line and an arc and is adapted to compare the character pattern with a preregistered classification code after the normalization thereof, the character pattern being subjected to balance and stroke checks if necessary as a result of the comparison. Notwithstanding this, if the character is not defined, the character pattern is identified by means of detail classifications such as those of a divergent mode of the arc, and a length ratio of the elements and the like.

Abstract: A method for identifying a plurality of handwritten connected figures includes identifying and prioritizing branches of the connected figures. A first recognition block is formed extending a predetermined distance from one end of the connected figures. Branches having the lowest priority within the first recognition block are erased until a recognizable figure is obtained within the first recognition block. Then, a second recognition block is formed extending the predetermined distance from the recognizable figure obtained in the first recognition block. As with the first recognition block, the branches having the lowest priority within the second recognition block are erased until a recognizable figure is obtained within the second recognition block.

Abstract: There is disclosed a toggle linkage for moving a closure panel between a ventilating position and a closed position. The closure panel is detachably arranged in an opening formed in a vehicle roof. The toggle linkage comprises a handle pivotably connected to the lower surface of the closure panel and having bearing lugs, a bearing component fixed on the lower surface of the vehicle roof and having a base, and a link mechanism for connecting the handle with the bearing component. In this arrangement, means are provided to limit rotation of the handle to a predetermined position whereby the closure panel is maintained in its ventilating position.