Abstract: A light guide plate which can achieve improvement of back-lighting or front-lighting luminance without increase of luminance of a light source, and a liquid crystal display device using such a light guide plate. A large number of concave small dots are formed in a surface of the light guide plate opposite to a light emitting surface of the light guide plate which emits light to a liquid crystal cell array so that light incident on the light guide plate from the light source is reflected at the concave small dots in the direction toward the light emitting surface of the light guide plate.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a magnetic head slider for a magnetic head and the magnetic slider wherein the slider has non-linear rails formed in a floating surface thereof by processing including one of reactive ion etching, sputter etching and an ion milling, and side walls of the non-linear rails are polished after formation of the non-linear rails by the processing.

Abstract: An optical film comprising an optical element capable of forming a spatial distribution of light transmittance, and a light shield layer positioned on an opposite side of the optical element. The light shield layer is composed of a compound which changes light transmittance permanently depending on irradiation of an energy beam, and has light transmitting regions near a position corresponding to the optical element and light shielding regions at positions other than the light transmitting regions. The light shielding regions have a smaller light transmittance than the light transmittance of the light transmitting regions.

Abstract: A rear projection apparatus having a projector containing a light source and a liquid crystal cell, a mirror for reflecting a light from the projector, and a screen for projecting the light reflected by the mirror. The screen is being composed of an optical film having an optical element capable of forming a spatial distribution of light transmittance, a light shield layer and a light diffusion layer. The light shield layer is positioned between the optical element and the light diffusion layer and is composed of a compound which changes light transmittance depending on irradiation of an energy beam. The light transmittance passing the light shield layer is modulated spatially depending on a dose of the energy beam.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display having a liquid crystal display panel having a plurality of liquid crystal cells, and a back light that irradiates the liquid crystal display panel with irradiation light. The back light includes a light source, and a light guide plate having one side arranged adjacent the light source and having a planar surface with a plurality of small concaves. The planar surface is almost parallel to a liquid crystal cell face, and a plane shape of the small concaves is almost rectangular.

Abstract: The present invention provides a liquid crystal display apparatus having a high brightness and a less number of constituent parts. By forming a plurality of dots each constituted by a small projecting portion or a small recess portion for changing a light at a predetermined angle from an incident surface of a light conductor plate toward a direction of a transmitting surface and properly controlling an angle of incline of a cross section, it is possible to irradiate an illuminating light having a suitable angle distribution from a light emitting surface toward a display element, thereby improving a brightness of the liquid crystal display apparatus.

Abstract: When the user enters a problem, data of the problem is sent to a server, which searches a case database or a meta database concerning solutions. This meta database has database including actual examples of solution collected according to each of rules into which the solutions to the past problems are classified, which past problems are considered as opposed concepts of physical or chemical laws. Since this meta database is based on, for example, laws of nature extracted from problems, it is possible to propose such a solution as to be rarely used or not to have been used so far depending on the field.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a magnetic head slider for a magnetic head and the magnetic slider wherein the slider has non-linear rails formed in a floating surface thereof by processing including one of reactive ion etching, sputter etching and an ion milling, and side walls of the non-linear rails are polished after formation of the non-linear rails by the processing.

Abstract: To provide a reflection type liquid-crystal display device having an illuminator in front of the liquid-crystal display device, the illuminator having a light guide plate superior in light utilization efficiency, dots constituted by a plurality of small recess or protrusion portions for reflecting the light incident on the light guide plate toward the liquid-crystal display device are formed in or on a surface of the light guide plate which does not face the liquid-crystal display device. Each of the dots is set to have a substantially V-shape in section, the sectional inclination angle of the V-shape is set in a range of from 35 to 43°, and the sectional vertex angle of the V-shape is in a range of 70.6±2.5°.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display includes a liquid crystal display panel having a plurality of liquid crystal cells and aback light that irradiates the liquid crystal display panel with irradiation light. The back light includes a light source and a light guide plate having one side arranged adjacent the light source and having a planar surface with a plurality of small concaves. The planar surface is substantially parallel to a liquid crystal cell face and a plane shape of the small concaves is substantially rectangular.

Abstract: For removing re-deposited particulates produced during an etching process of a magnetic head slider and forming a minute chamfered portion, a polishing process is carried out by using polishing cloth such as non-woven polyester fabric after having formed rails of non-linear shape on a floating surface by the etching process. Thus, the re-deposited particulates produced during the etching process are removed, whereby the reliability of the floating characteristic of magnetic head is improved.

Abstract: An optical functionality sheet provided with microlenses and a functional film (reflective film or light-blocking film/light-diffusing layer), with the above described functional film formed upon a patterned transparent conductive film. Thereby, self-alignment exposure using microlenses is made possible, and an optical functionality sheet with good directivity with respect to incident light, and good angle of visibility characteristics, can be realized.

Abstract: A magnetic head element has one or more rails formed on the surface thereof. Each rail is formed so as to have a tapered angle of 55-85°. To form such a rail, ion milling is conducted; the rail substrate used is allowed to have an inclination angle to 15-60° and is rotated; and there is used, as the ion milling gas, a fluorinated hydrocarbon (e.g., CH2FCF3) gas alone or a mixed gas of said fluorinated hydrocarbon gas and Ar, SF6 or the like. Accordingly, a magnetic head rail shape gives a small variation in flying height between magnetic bead and magnetic disc.

Abstract: A backlighting unit for a liquid crystal display device includes a light guide plate and an optical member, one of which is provided with a random dot disposition pattern so that luminance of the backlighting unit is uniform over the surface thereof while suppressing moire and dot visibility. A dot pattern of concave or convex portions effective for reflection, scattering, refraction, diffraction, absorption, transmission, polarization or deflection of light rays or portions exhibiting different optical characteristics or portions imparted with optical activity is formed in a surface of the light guide plate or optical member. The dot pattern is determined to exhibit randomness by using random numbers so as to meet predetermined conditions concerning radial distribution function. In the random dot pattern superposed onto a regular color filter pattern, occurrence of moire is suppressed.

Abstract: A light guide panel and liquid crystal display device including a liquid crystal cell array, a light guide panel or plate disposed on a rear surface of the liquid crystal cell array, and a light source disposed at a lateral side of the light guide panel or plate. The light guide panel or plate has a light incident surface on which light rays emitted from the light source are incident, a light-transmissive surface through which the incident light rays exit the light guide panel or plate toward the liquid crystal cell array, and a plurality of reflecting slant portions for directing the incident light rays toward the light-transmissive surface, wherein the reflecting slant portions are constituted by convexes or concaves which are substantially rectangular in plan view and substantially trapezoidal in sectional view.

Abstract: A magnetic head element has one or more rails formed on the surface thereof. Each rail is formed so as to have a tapered angle of 55-85.degree.. To form such a rail, ion milling is conducted; the rail substrate used is allowed to have an inclination angle to 15-60.degree. and is rotated; and there is used, as the ion milling gas, a fluorinated hydrocarbon (e.g., CH.sub.2 FCF.sub.3) gas alone or a mixed gas of said fluorinated hydrocarbon gas and Ar, SF.sub.6 or the like. Accordingly, a magnetic head rail shape gives a small variation in flying height between magnetic head and magnetic disc.

Abstract: A magnetic head element has one or more rails formed on the surface thereof. Each rail is formed so as to have a tapered angle of 55.degree.-85.degree.. To form such a rail, ion milling is conducted; the rail substrate used is allowed to have an inclination angle to 15.degree.-60.degree. and is rotated; and there is used, as the ion milling gas, a fluorinated hydrocarbon (e.g. CH.sub.2 FCF.sub.3) gas alone or a mixed gas of said fluorinated hydrocarbon gas and Ar, SF.sub.6 or the like. Accordingly, a magnetic head rail shape gives a small variation in flying height between magnetic head and magnetic disc.

Abstract: A thickness/depth measuring apparatus and method for measuring the thickness of a film forming a lattice-shaped mask and the depth of a groove formed on a workpiece during processing of the workpiece. The thickness/depth measuring apparatus and method provide for irradiating the workpiece with a coherent light beam, controlling the direction for linear polarization of the coherent light beam irradiated onto the workpiece, adjusting the incident angle of the coherent light beam irradiated onto the workpiece in a predetermined angular range, receiving and detecting reflected light reflected by the workpiece at different irradiated incident angles and including higher-order diffracted light; and calculating the thickness of the film and the depth of the groove in accordance with the intensity of the diffracted light detected.

Abstract: A second harmonic generator having a wide acceptance of bandwidth of temperature and/or a high conversion efficiency and a method of fabrication thereof are disclosed. An equidistant arrangement of pole-inverted grating having a rectangular sectional profile and the direction of spontaneous polarization opposite to that of a substrate within an optical waveguide has been known to produce a high conversion efficiency of the second harmonic generator A second harmonic generator having such a structure, which has so far been impossible to fabricate, is formed utilizing the liquid-phase epitaxial method and the ion-implanting method. Further, the substrate and the optical waveguide are formed of the same type of material.

Abstract: Using an optical pickup, recording/reproducing of information is performed by irradiating light beams to an optical recording medium to form light spots. The optical pickup includes means for generating plural light beams, an optical waveguide for guiding the plural light beams in a row into a flat space, and a light deflecting element for deflecting the light beams, which run in the optical waveguide, within a plane formed by a vector perpendicular to a plane of the optical waveguide and a directional vector of the light beams. The light deflecting element deflects the plural light spots, which are to be arranged in a row, in a direction perpendicular to the light spot row to perform micro seek.