Abstract: A detecting method for detecting internal resistance of an inspective rechargeable battery when said inspective rechargeable battery is charged by the constant current-constant voltage charging regime, said detecting method comprising at least a step (a) wherein an accumulated, charged electricity quantity of said inspective rechargeable battery in the constant voltage charging mode is obtained and a step (b) wherein said charged electricity quantity of said inspective rechargeable battery obtained in the constant voltage charging mode in said step (a) is referred to previously acquired data of a normal rechargeable battery, which corresponds to said inspective rechargeable battery, with respect to relationships of charged electricity quantities Qcv thereof versus internal resistances thereof when increased or decreased or their increased or decreased magnitudes in the constant voltage charging mode.

Abstract: A detecting method for detecting internal information of an inspective rechargeable battery when said inspective rechargeable battery is charged by a constant current-constant voltage charging regime, comprising at least a step (A) of measuring an elapse of time (t) from the time when a constant current charging mode at a constant current value I0 is shifted to a constant voltage charging mode at a constant voltage Vmax and measuring a charge current value I in the constant voltage charging mode, a step (B) of obtaining a period of time from said shift time to the constant voltage charging in the constant voltage charging mode until the time when said charge current value I0 in the constant voltage charging mode reaches a given current value IM, and a step (C) of obtaining an electricity quantity charged in the constant voltage charging mode with respect to the inspective rechargeable battery.

Abstract: A detecting method for detecting an internal state of an inspective rechargeable battery (Ba), said internal state including a deterioration state, an electricity storable capacity, a remaining capacity, and an internal resistance of said inspective rechargeable battery (Ba), comprising: (1) a step in which basic data (BD) of characteristics of a normal non-deteriorated rechargeable battery (Bn) as a reference rechargeable battery for said inspective rechargeable battery (Ba) are provided; and (2) a step in which for said inspective rechargeable battery (Ba), a voltage value or/and a current value thereof are measured, and the measured result is compared with said basic data (BD) obtained in said step (1) to judge whether or not said inspective rechargeable battery (Ba) is of a deterioration mode and to detect the internal state thereof.

Abstract: A detecting method for detecting internal information of an inspective rechargeable battery when said inspective rechargeable battery is charged by a constant current-constant voltage charging regime, comprising at least a step (A) of measuring an elapse of time (t) from the time when a constant current charging mode at a constant current value I0 is shifted to a constant voltage charging mode at a constant voltage Vmax and measuring a charge current value I in the constant voltage charging mode, a step (B) of obtaining a period of time from said shift time to the constant voltage charging in the constant voltage charging mode until the time when said charge current value I0 in the constant voltage charging mode reaches a given current value IM, and a step (C) of obtaining an electricity quantity charged in the constant voltage charging mode with respect to the inspective rechargeable battery.

Abstract: In an optical space communication system, a remote controller is provided at an arbitrary position remote from an optical space communication apparatus. The optical space communication apparatus is provided with an interface device for exchanging status information of the operating apparatus, operation start setup/manipulation information or operating setup/manipulation information of the apparatus with the interface device. Communication between the remote controller and the interface device is made for a transmission light power, a transmission signal power, a reception light power, a reception signal power, a light beam transmission angle, a temperature of a predetermined portion in the apparatus, an angular error between the reception light and an optical axis of a light reception unit in the apparatus, a transmission light beam divergence angle or the like.

Abstract: A detecting method for detecting an internal state of an inspective rechargeable battery (Ba), said internal state including a deterioration state, an electricity storable capacity, a remaining capacity, and an internal resistance of said inspective rechargeable battery (Ba), comprising: (1) a step in which basic data (BD) of characteristics of a normal non-deteriorated rechargeable battery (Bn) as a reference rechargeable battery for said inspective rechargeable battery (Ba) are provided; and (2) a step in which for said inspective rechargeable battery (Ba), a voltage value or/and a current value thereof are measured, and the measured result is compared with said basic data (BD) obtained in said step (1) to judge whether or not said inspective rechargeable battery (Ba) is of a deterioration mode and to detect the internal state thereof.

Abstract: An optical space communication apparatus for performing communication by propagating a light beam in a free space includes a multiplexing device for multiplexing a first pilot signal with a transmission signal, a first converting device for converting a first electric signal from the multiplexing device into a first light signal, a transmitting optical system for transmitting the first light signal to a party apparatus, a receiving optical system for receiving a second light signal containing a second pilot signal, having been transmitted from the party apparatus, a second converting device for converting the second light signal into a second electric signal, an adjusting device for adjusting an angle of the receiving optical system, and a control device for controlling the adjusting device.

Abstract: An optical space communication apparatus for communicating by propagating a light signal in free space, including a multiplexer for multiplexing a first pilot signal with a transmission signal, a first converter for converting a first electric signal from the multiplexer into a first light signal, a transmitting optical system for transmitting the first light signal to a party apparatus, a receiving optical system for receiving a second light signal including a second pilot signal, having been transmitted from the party apparatus, a second converter for converting the second light signal into a second electric signal, a first band-pass filter having a pass region including a frequency of the second pilot signal, a first detector for detecting the second electric signal having passed through the first band-pass filter, a second band-pass filter having a pass region not including the frequency of the second pilot signal, a second detector for detecting the second electric signal having passed through the second

Abstract: This specification discloses a communication apparatus provided with light emitting means for generating transmission light modulated by an information signal, light receiving means for receiving modulated reception light, an optical member for reflecting one of the transmission light and the reception light and transmitting the other therethrough, a reflecting member for reflecting the transmission light emerging from the optical member to the transmission side and reflecting the reception light to the optical member, light splitting means for splitting part of the reception light obtained through the optical member, detecting means for detecting the positional state of the light obtained from the light splitting means, and driving means for rotatively driving the reflecting member about two axes in accordance with the positional state of the light detected by the detecting means.

Abstract: An optical space communication apparatus such as an optical space communication transceiver comprises a plurality of modules which can be coupled and separated from each other. In the modules, the positions of optical elements are adjusted beforehand with respect to coupling reference portions of the modules which are to constitute a common reference at the time of coupling of the modules. As a result, the modules can be automatically positioned relative to one another at the time of coupling therebetween. Alternatively, one of the plurality of modules may have a stand reference portion having a predetermined positional relationship with its optical element and its coupling reference portion. The stand reference portion is coupled to the reference portion of the stand whose angle can be adjusted to thereby constitute the common reference.

Abstract: There are provided a communication system and an apparatus for modulating a communication signal into a chirp signal and executing the communication. In the system, a signal to be transmitted is input, a predetermined analog pattern signal is added to the input signal and is pulse position modulated, the modulated signal is converted into the chirp signal, and the chirp signal is output onto a transmission path. The converted chirp signal can be also converted into an optical signal and the optical signal can be also output onto the transmission path. After the analog or digital input signal was pulse position modulated, by converting the modulated signal into the chirp signal, the analog signal can be also transmitted and received as a chirp signal. Thus, the communication reliability can be assured without being influenced by disturbance noises or irrespective of a limitation of a transmission electric power of the transmission path.

Abstract: There are provided digital communicating method and apparatus for modulating digital signals into chirp signals and performing the communication. In this method, pulses indicative of digital signals of codes "1" and "0" are modulated, the modulated pulse signals are converted into chirp signals, the chirp signals are converted into the optical signals and output as transmission signals, and the digital signals are input and the pulses based thereon are generated. A wave of a predetermined frequency is multiplied by the pulses indicative of "1" and "0" of the digital signals and the modulation is executed. The communication signals can be converted into the chirp signals by the chirp conversion elements using the surface acoustic wave-dispersive delay lines having different converting characteristics by the simple construction.