Abstract: A liquid crystal display device and method of construction, includes a first substrate and a second substrate each having a first surface, and a liquid crystal material provided between the first surfaces of the first and second substrates, and steps of forming a controlling film for controlling an alignment of liquid crystal molecules to adhere to the first surface of the first substrate; peeling the controlling film off of the first substrate; positioning the first and the second substrates with the respective first surfaces confronting each other; and providing liquid crystal material between the first and second substrates.

Abstract: A reflective direct-view type display device including a first substrate having two major surfaces and electrode provided on a first major surface, a second substrate having two major surfaces and color filter layers and pixel electrodes provided on a first major surface, a light-scattering medium interposed between the first and second substrates positioned with the electrode opposes the pixel electrodes, and at least one color filter layer provided on the first major surface of the first substrate and apposing at least one of the color filter layers provided on the first major surface of the second substrate. The display can produce high-luminance colors, by using external light at high efficiency and with a low consumption of electric power.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device comprises a substrate, two electrode-attached substrates formed by sequentially superposing electrode layers and orientation layers on the substrate and disposed so as to oppose the orientation layers to each other across a gap, and a liquid crystal composition placed in the gap and consequently interposed between the two electrode-attached substrates, which liquid crystal display device is characterized in that the orientation layers is furnished with multiply divided liquid crystal orientation areas and the orientation areas severally have directions of orientation set either in a radial pattern or in the shape of concentric rings.