Abstract: A triangular-wave current flows through a reactor of a DC/DC converter for converting voltages between increased and reduced levels. Surges are reduced, which are developed in an output voltage serving as a control voltage when the triangular-wave current changes across a zero value at which the current direction is changed. When a primary current flowing through the reactor changes across 0 [A] (zero value) at which the direction is changed, within an adjustment range, a feedback coefficient by which to multiply the error between the control voltage and a target voltage is multiplied by k (k>1) so as to increase a feedback amount. Surges developed in the control voltage due to a dead time when the primary current changes across 0 [A] are reduced.

Abstract: A controller is capable of executing direct couple control that directly couples a first power device and a second power device without causing a DC/DC converter to convert voltage. During the direct couple control, a drive signal that causes no voltage conversion is intermittently output to at least one of a plurality of switching devices.

Abstract: A method protects a battery in a fuel cell vehicle, in which an inverter-driven motor is supplied with electric power from the battery and a fuel cell. If a battery voltage of the battery falls outside of a prescribed range, a primary current and a secondary current that flow through the DC/DC converter, or currents in branch paths that correspond to the primary current and the secondary current, are reduced in order to limit a charging current flowing into the battery or a discharging current flowing from the battery.

Abstract: When a DC/DC converter switches between a primary voltage control mode, a secondary voltage control mode, and a current limiting mode as operation modes, an I-term resetting processor outputs an I term depending on the duty ratio in the operation mode before being switched to a PID processor. The PID processor performs a PID control process based on the input I term. A drive duty ratio setter outputs a drive duty ratio immediately after the control mode switching, which is substantially equal to the duty ratio in the operation mode before being switched. As a result, the duty ratios in the operation mode before being switched and the operation mode after being switched are made continuous with respect to each other.

Abstract: If a lower arm device connection period is non-zero in a previous switching cycle, a first dead time is prohibited from decreasing, and if the lower arm device connection period is zero, the first dead time is allowed to decrease, wherein the first dead time is the dead time provided after the lower arm device connection period in the previous switching cycle but before an upper arm device connection period in the current switching cycle.

Abstract: Under the same target voltage, a basic duty ratio depending on a target ON time is set, and prior and subsequent duty ratios before and after upper arm switching devices or lower arm switching devices are driven with the basic duty ratio are set as a basic duty ratio+? and a basic duty ratio??, respectively. Gate drive signals, having the basic duty ratio and the prior and subsequent duty ratios, are supplied to the upper arm switching devices or to the lower arm switching devices, in order to turn on the upper arm switching devices or the lower arm switching devices.

Abstract: A fuel cell vehicle has a motor driven by an inverter and hybrid DC power supplies including a battery and a fuel cell for supplying electric power to the motor. For preventing a fuse connected to the battery from being blown out, when a motor current Im increases, a first source current flowing from the battery is limited to a range for not blowing out the fuse, and a generated current is increased as much as the first source current is limited.

Abstract: A paper feed tray includes: a tray unit; a lifting member arranged in the tray unit, for lifting a drawn-out end of a paper sheet being the uppermost or the last of a stack accommodated in the tray unit; a spring for urging the lifting member in a lifting direction; and a lid attachable to and pivotable on the tray unit and having a free end near where paper sheets are drawn out. The inner face of the lid is furnished with a plurality of protruding parts capable of pressing on a paper sheet accommodated in the tray unit is arranged on the inner face of the lid at intervals from the pivotal-axis side toward the free-end side of the lid. The heights of the protruding parts decrease in order of proximity to the free-end side of the lid, so that while the lid is being closed the protruding parts, in order from the one closest to the pivotal axis of the lid, press on the paper sheet.

Abstract: A substrate cleaning apparatus is used to clean a substrate with a cleaning liquid. The substrate cleaning apparatus includes a substrate holding mechanism configured to hold a substrate horizontally, a rotating mechanism configured to rotate the substrate held by the substrate holding mechanism, a liquid supply nozzle for supplying a cleaning solution to the substrate, and a spin cover provided around the substrate and rotatable at substantially the same speed as the substrate. The spin cover has an inner circumferential surface shaped so as to surround the substrate. The inner circumferential surface is, from a lower end to an upper end thereof, inclined radially inwardly.

Abstract: A laminate film has a clear layer (B) comprising an acrylic-based polymer (B1) having at least one longer unsaturated double bond group and at least one shorter unsaturated double bond group as side chains, and having a weight-average molecular weight not less than 50,000 but not more than 500,000, the longer unsaturated double bond group introduced in the acrylic-based polymer (B1) by a long-chain unsaturated carboxylic acid having a molecular weight of 150 or more, and the shorter unsaturated double bond group introduced in the acrylic-based polymer (B1) by a short-chain unsaturated carboxylic acid having a molecular weight of less than 150. Compared with laminate films prepared by spray coating, dip coating, or other coating methods, this laminate film is excellent in processability, coating film properties, and ornamental properties. Thus, an article can be excellently decorated with the laminate film provided by the present invention.

Abstract: In a path along which lines extend between an engine room and a trunk room, the distance between the line 34 and the line 36 is made smaller than the distance between the line 32 and the line 34. Further, the distance between the line 36 and the line 38 is made smaller than the distance between the line 32 and the line 38. Even if a conductive member damages the lines upon collision of a vehicle, the lines 34 and 38 transmitting signals for control of the relays are more likely to be short-circuited with the line 36 to attain a ground potential than to be short-circuited with the line 32 to attain a power supply potential +B. This can lower the probability that the system main relays, once controlled to an open state upon collision, become conductive again after the collision.

Abstract: A memory unit stores maps of predetermined determination threshold values for detection values detected by a hydrogen sensor according to an operating state of a fuel cell such as a difference in pressure between reaction gases at an anode and a cathode, supply pressure of the reaction gases, supply flow rate of the reaction gases and generated current of the fuel cell. A control unit obtains a predetermined determination threshold value from the memory unit based on the operating state of the fuel cell. Then, the detection value outputted from the hydrogen sensor and the determination threshold value obtained from the memory unit are compared, and in the event that the detection value is determined to exceed the determination threshold value, a predetermined protecting process is implemented for the fuel cell.

Abstract: A substrate treatment apparatus that treats a substrate under treatment has an interface section, a substrate loading/unloading section, a reduced pressure atmosphere conveyance chamber, and an exposure treatment chamber. The interface section has a conveyance mechanism that can freely load and unload the substrate under treatment from another device into the apparatus or vice versa. The substrate under treatment can be loaded and unloaded into and from the substrate loading/unloading section in one direction by the conveyance mechanism of the interface section. The reduced pressure atmosphere conveyance chamber is disposed adjacent to and perpendicular to the direction of the substrate loading/unloading section and has a conveyance mechanism that conveys the substrate under treatment under a reduced pressure atmosphere.

Abstract: An auxiliary tray frame is attached attachably/reattachably to a tray unit. The auxiliary tray frame is a rectangular frame including a front frame portion, a rear frame portion, and both side frame portions. A fore-end of the auxiliary tray frame fits into a cut-out formed in a front wall of the tray unit, and a space surrounded by the front wall of the tray unit, and the auxiliary-tray rear frame portion and opposing side frame portions forms a small-sized paper sheet-accommodating space.

Abstract: A degradation diagnosis method for simply performing degradation diagnosis of a gas sensor such as a hydrogen sensor. The hydrogen sensor has a reference detector member and common detector member, with each detector member respectively constituted of a detector element and temperature compensating element that form a pair. Power is normally supplied to the common detector member, which performs concentration detection of the hydrogen gas. When performing degradation diagnosis of this common detector member, concentration detection is performed simultaneously by each detector member for the gas of the prescribed hydrogen concentration by supplying power to both the common detector member and reference detector member and comparing the output value of the common detector member and the output value of the reference detector member.

Abstract: A substrate treatment apparatus that treats a substrate under treatment has an interface section, a substrate loading/unloading section, a reduced pressure atmosphere conveyance chamber, and an exposure treatment chamber. The interface section has a conveyance mechanism that can freely load and unload the substrate under treatment from another device into the apparatus or vice versa. The substrate under treatment can be loaded and unloaded into and from the substrate loading/unloading section in one direction by the conveyance mechanism of the interface section. The reduced pressure atmosphere conveyance chamber is disposed adjacent to and perpendicular to the direction of the substrate loading/unloading section and has a conveyance mechanism that conveys the substrate under treatment under a reduced pressure atmosphere.

Abstract: A substrate treatment apparatus that treats a substrate under treatment has an interface section, a substrate loading/unloading section, a reduced pressure atmosphere conveyance chamber, and an exposure treatment chamber. The interface section has a conveyance mechanism that can freely load and unload the substrate under treatment from another device into the apparatus or vice versa. The substrate under treatment can be loaded and unloaded into and from the substrate loading/unloading section in one direction by the conveyance mechanism of the interface section. The reduced pressure atmosphere conveyance chamber is disposed adjacent to and perpendicular to the direction of the substrate loading/unloading section and has a conveyance mechanism that conveys the substrate under treatment under a reduced pressure atmosphere.

Abstract: A substrate treatment apparatus that treats a substrate under treatment has an interface section, a substrate loading/unloading section, a reduced pressure atmosphere conveyance chamber, and an exposure treatment chamber. The interface section has a conveyance mechanism that can freely load and unload the substrate under treatment from another device into the apparatus or vice versa. The substrate under treatment can be loaded and unloaded into and from the substrate loading/unloading section in one direction by the conveyance mechanism of the interface section. The reduced pressure atmosphere conveyance chamber is disposed adjacent to and perpendicular to the direction of the substrate loading/unloading section and has a conveyance mechanism that conveys the substrate under treatment under a reduced pressure atmosphere.

Abstract: A substrate treatment apparatus that treats a substrate under treatment has an interface section, a substrate loading/unloading section, a reduced pressure atmosphere conveyance chamber, and an exposure treatment chamber. The interface section has a conveyance mechanism that can freely load and unload the substrate under treatment from another device into the apparatus or vice versa. The substrate under treatment can be loaded and unloaded into and from the substrate loading/unloading section in one direction by the conveyance mechanism of the interface section. The reduced pressure atmosphere conveyance chamber is disposed adjacent to and perpendicular to the direction of the substrate loading/unloading section and has a conveyance mechanism that conveys the substrate under treatment under a reduced pressure atmosphere.

Abstract: In a path along which lines extend between an engine room and a trunk room, the distance between the line 34 and the line 36 is made smaller than the distance between the line 32 and the line 34. Further, the distance between the line 36 and the line 38 is made smaller than the distance between the line 32 and the line 38. Even if a conductive member damages the lines upon collision of a vehicle, the lines 34 and 38 transmitting signals for control of the relays are more likely to be short-circuited with the line 36 to attain a ground potential than to be short-circuited with the line 32 to attain a power supply potential +B. This can lower the probability that the system main relays, once controlled to an open state upon collision, become conductive again after the collision.