Abstract: A multiple bag comprising a plurality of bags including a chemical containing bag charged with liquid chemical and at least one vacant bag, wherein the inner surface of the chemical containing bag is less rough than that of the vacant bag.

Abstract: A substrate holding apparatus includes a rotary table rotatable about a vertical center axis for supporting a substrate in a horizontal plane, and substrate travel regulating pins fixed to the rotary table and arranged at positions in contact with the outer edge of the substrate so that the center of gravity of the substrate supported on the rotary table is spaced from the center axis for regulating the travel of the substrate in a horizontal direction. Centrifugal force generated with respect to the substrate when the rotary table rotates about the center axis, urges the periphery of the substrate towards the travel regulating pins so that the resulting frictional force prevents rotary slippage between the substrate and the rotary table as rotation of the latter relates to the latter. The structure of this apparatus is simple because the substrate holding portion does not include a movable portion.

Abstract: A flexible manufacturing system which includes a stack yard, a machine tool and a stacker crane. In the stack yard, a pallet group, formed by stacking a number of pellets, is stored. The pallet group is transferred to a machine tool cell by the stacker crane. Each pallet has a memory, and data of the pallet itself and the member loaded on the pallet are memorized by the pallet. There are various kinds of members such as work-piece, tool and chuck jaw. These members are stored on exclusive pallets made for each kind of the member. Of the members, each tool and chuck jaw has its own memory and memorizes its own data. The data of all the memory can be read and written; therefore, the position of the pallet, tool and chuck jaw can be controlled at all times.

Abstract: A scanning probe microscope according to the present invention comprises a cantilever having a free end portion and a fixed end portion, the free end portion bearing a probe thereon, a semiconductor laser attached to the fixed end portion of the cantilever, an optical waveguide for guiding a laser beam, emitted from the semiconductor laser, to the free end portion, an optical element for dividing part of a center beam of the laser beam, guided through the optical waveguide, into laser beams in at least two perpendicular directions, a photoelectric transducer for receiving the divided laser beams and converting the laser beams into electrical output signals corresponding thereto, and a differential circuit for receiving the electrical signals and subjecting the signals to predetermined arithmetic processing, thereby detecting a three-dimensional displacement of the free end portion of the cantilever.

Abstract: A scanning probe microscope according to the present invention comprises a cantilever having a free end portion and a fixed end portion, the free end portion bearing a probe thereon, a semiconductor laser attached to the fixed end portion of the cantilever, an optical waveguide for guiding a laser beam, emitted from the semiconductor laser, to the free end portion, an optical element for dividing part of a center beam of the laser beam, guided through the optical waveguide, into laser beams in at least two perpendicular directions, a photoelectric transducer for receiving the divided laser beams and converting the laser beams into electrical output signals corresponding thereto, and a differential circuit for receiving the electrical signals and subjecting the signals to predetermined arithmetic processing, thereby detecting a three-dimensional displacement of the free end portion of the cantilever.

Abstract: A passbook transporting or conveying mechanism has front gripping rollers for gripping the passbook in unprinted areas thereof and for moving the passbook to a printing station. The front gripping rollers are caused to be moved along guide rods in a rearward direction by driving wires or cables connected to roller supports. The passbook is received by rear gripping rollers which are caused to be moved along guide rods in a further rearward direction by driving wires or cables connected to roller supports to a predetermined position for reading a magnetic stripe on the back cover of the passbook. The magnetic stripe on the passbook is read out and the passbook is moved forward to position the passbook at the printing station for the printing operations on the desired print line or lines. After the printing operations, the passbook is again moved rearward to record the printed information in the magnetic stripe.

Abstract: An apparatus for producing a single crystal grown by Czochralski method includes a winding drum disposed in a case for winding up and down a flexible pull wire, a power transmission mechanism for driving the winding drum, and a bearing unit for rotatably supporting the winding drum. The power transmission mechanism and the bearing unit are disposed outside the case and isolated from the furnace atmosphere surrounding the winding drum and the pull wire in the case. With this construction, metallic dust produced by abrasion from the power transmission mechanism and the bearing unit has no influence on the condition of the furnace atmosphere and hence the quality of a single crystal being pulled upwardly by the pull wire.

Abstract: A single crystal pulling apparatus having a wire which is used to pull a crystal is provided with a novel wire vibration prevention mechanism. The wire vibration prevention mechanism includes wire restriction devices which restrict the movement of the wire to movement in the vertical direction. The wire restriction devices may be mechanically driven in the horizontal direction in order to center the pulled crystal. The wire restriction devices are driven by pneumatic air cylinders. Use of the wire vibration prevention mechanism avoids the formation of deformed growth of the pulled crystal and thus reduces the occurrence of dislocations in the pulled crystal.

Abstract: In a program control apparatus with a program ROM which forms sequence control signals for executing various control actions according to specified conditions, a memory circuit is provided which is activated during a particular operation mode to successively store information corresponding to the external conditions and also information on times taken by the operation sequence of the program control apparatus.

Abstract: With an audiovisual information presentation system, pictorial image data, drawn on paper sheets in advance and to be optically projected on a screen using an optical projector, is sequentially sensed by a TV camea. Speech corresponding to the image data is input through a microphone. A data storage unit stores the image data and corresponding audio data together with code data for identifying pairs of image and audio data. When a search mode is designated, a desired pair of image and audio data is automatically searched from the data storage unit under the control of a CPU, and is reproduced by electrical monitor display units and a loudspeaker unit independent of image display on the projection screen.