Abstract: To enable signal position detection, frequency offset compensation, clock offset compensation, and chromatic dispersion amount estimation in a communication system based on coherent detection using an optical signal, even on a signal having a great offset in an arrival time depending on a frequency due to chromatic dispersion. An optical signal transmitting apparatus generates specific frequency band signals having power concentrated on two or more specific frequencies and transmits a signal including the specific frequency band signals. An optical signal receiving apparatus converts a received signal into a digital signal, detects positions of the specific frequency band signals from the converted digital signal, estimates frequency positions of the detected specific frequency band signals, and detects a frequency offset between an optical signal receiving apparatus and an optical signal transmitting apparatus.

Abstract: An adaptive antenna control method is used for a radio communication system built by a plurality of radio base stations and a plurality of terminal stations capable of communicating with the radio base stations. Each radio base station includes an adaptive antenna having a plurality of antenna elements, a distributor for generating signals to be input to the plurality of antenna elements by branching a signal of one system to be transmitted, and weighting circuits for respectively weighting transmission signals to the plurality of antenna elements. For reception by each terminal station, an interference wave power given by the transmission signal from each of the plurality of radio base stations is estimated. A weight in the adaptive antenna of each radio base station is determined to minimize a sum of square errors between reception signals and desired signals for all the radio base stations which simultaneously use the same communication channel.

Abstract: A receiver device receives a signal inputted to one or a plurality of ports as a plurality of received signals, and includes: a phase offset estimating unit that, on the basis of a unique word of each signal block contained in said received signal, estimates the phase offset, and a phase offset compensating unit that, on the basis of a phase offset estimated by said phase offset estimating unit, compensates the phase offset; the receiver device uses a known signal component (unique word) contained in a frequency-domain equalized signal to compensate the phase offset, whereby it compensates complex phase offset fluctuation, and estimates the phase offset of a signal obtained at each port.

Abstract: Orthogonal converters perform orthogonal conversion on the N time-series data extracted from a received radio signal. Multi-user detectors extract transmitted signals from respective transmission devices, from the time-series data which has been subjected to the orthogonal conversion. Inverse orthogonal converters perform inverse orthogonal conversion on the extracted transmitted signal. Rectangular filter circuits remove Mh time-series data at the front end and Mt time-series data at the rear end, from the transmitted signal which has been subjected to the inverse orthogonal conversion, so as to extract Nw time-series data. Deinterleaver circuits deinterleave the aforementioned time-series data. Decoders decode the time-series data for output.

Abstract: An adaptive antenna control method is used for a radio communication system built by a plurality of radio base stations and a plurality of terminal stations capable of communicating with the radio base stations. Each radio base station includes an adaptive antenna having a plurality of antenna elements, a distributor for generating signals to be input to the plurality of antenna elements by branching a signal of one system to be transmitted, and weighting circuits for respectively weighting transmission signals to the plurality of antenna elements. For reception by each terminal station, an interference wave power given by the transmission signal from each of the plurality of radio base stations is estimated. A weight in the adaptive antenna of each radio base station is determined to minimize a sum of square errors between reception signals and desired signals for all the radio base stations which simultaneously use the same communication channel.

Abstract: An adaptive antenna control method is used for a radio communication system built by a plurality of radio base stations and a plurality of terminal stations capable of communicating with the radio base stations. Each radio base station includes an adaptive antenna having a plurality of antenna elements, a distributor for generating signals to be input to the plurality of antenna elements by branching a signal of one system to be transmitted, and weighting circuits for respectively weighting transmission signals to the plurality of antenna elements. For reception by each terminal station, an interference wave power given by the transmission signal from each of the plurality of radio base stations is estimated. A weight in the adaptive antenna of each radio base station is determined to minimize a sum of square errors between reception signals and desired signals for all the radio base stations which simultaneously use the same communication channel.

Abstract: In an array antenna used in a transceiver in a time division communication system such as TDD (Time Division Duplex) system, amplitude and phase of each antenna element are calibrated in a transceiver itself during actual communication without using external information. A first transmitter (1-3-1) has means (1-5-1) to send a transmit signal to an antenna element (1-1-1) as well as to at least one of the receivers (1-4-1 through 1-4-N). Other transmitter (1-3-2 through 1-3-k) except the first transmitter has means (1-5-k) which sends a transmit signal to a related antenna element (1-1-2 through 1-1-k) as well as to a first receiver (1-4-1) which relates to the first transmitter. Amplitude/phase value obtained in the first receiver (1-4-1) and amplitude/phase values obtained in other receivers (1-4-2 through 1-4-k) except the first receiver provide weighted amplitude/phase values of each antenna elements according to desired desired radiation pattern.

Abstract: An adaptive array antenna transceiver apparatus provides: a local signal generator 24 that outputs a signal having a frequency that corresponds to the difference between the reception frequency and the transmitting frequency; a coupler 15 that separates and extracts a part of the signals from the output of the transmitters 13; a switch 21 that selects the signal output from any one of the transmitters 13; a frequency converter 22 that converts the frequency of the signal selected by the switch 21; and a switch 23 that inputs signals output by the frequency converter 22 and selectively outputs them to any one of the plurality of paths.

Abstract: An adaptive antenna control method is used for a radio communication system built by a plurality of radio base stations and a plurality of terminal stations capable of communicating with the radio base stations. Each radio base station includes an adaptive antenna having a plurality of antenna elements, a distributor for generating signals to be input to the plurality of antenna elements by branching a signal of one system to be transmitted, and weighting circuits for respectively weighting transmission signals to the plurality of antenna elements. For reception by each terminal station, an interference wave power given by the transmission signal from each of the plurality of radio base stations is estimated. A weight in the adaptive antenna of each radio base station is determined to minimize a sum of square errors between reception signals and desired signals for all the radio base stations which simultaneously use the same communication channel.

Abstract: A leather coloring process for carrying out coloring on a natural leather, or a natural leather which has been subjected to degreasing. The coloring process is accomplished by ink-jet coloring on at least a partial area of the natural leather.

Abstract: An adaptive array antenna system for stable directivity control and waveform equalization even under poor multipath environment is provided. An output of antenna elements (A1011-A101n) is weight combined (A103), and is output through automatic frequency control (A106) and fractionally spaced adaptive transversal filter (A107) which have real number weights. Weight combination (A103) is initially carried out with weights for an eigen vector beam for the maximum eigen vector of the correlation matrix Rxx of a receive signal After carrier synchronization and timing synchronization between a receive signal, and an A/D converter and a fractionally spaced transversal filter are established by the automatic frequency control and the fractionally spaced transversal filter, the weight in the weight combiner (A103) is switched to minimum mean square error (MMSE) weight.

Abstract: A liquid droplet forming method is used with an apparatus that includes a liquid jet recording head having a plurality of blocks of thermal elements, each of which blocks includes a plurality of the thermal elements arranged on a substrate at a pitch of at least ten thermal elements per millimeter, with each thermal element ejecting a liquid droplet from the head upon application thereto of a drive signal pulse. Each drive signal pulse comprises a multi-part signal that includes a first part that pre-heats the liquid to an extent that a droplet is not ejected followed by a second part which heats the pre-heated liquid to an extent that a bubble is formed and a liquid droplet is ejected from the head. The plural blocks of thermal elements are driven in accordance with the generated drive signal pulses in a time-division manner such that no two blocks are driven simultaneously.

Abstract: An adaptive array antenna transceiver apparatus provides: a local signal generator 24 that outputs a signal having a frequency that corresponds to the difference between the reception frequency and the transmitting frequency; a coupler 15 that separates and extracts a part of the signals from the output of the transmitters 13; a switch 21 that selects the signal output from any one of the transmitters 13; a frequency converter 22 that converts the frequency of the signal selected by the switch 21; and a switch 23 that inputs signals output by the frequency converter 22 and selectively outputs them to any one of the plurality of paths.

Abstract: An information recording apparatus has a large plurality of heat energy generating elements corresponding to a like plurality of ejection ports for ejecting ink. The heat energy generating elements cause a change in the state of the ink by heating the ink in response to a drive signal, thereby ejecting ink droplets from corresponding ejection ports. A selection signal sequentially selects from among plural groups of plural heat energy generating element and an information storing device stores recording information, portions of which correspond respectively to selected groups of the heat energy generating elements. A drive circuit supplies drive signals to the selected groups of heat energy generating elements, the drive signals for each group being supplied in accordance with the corresponding stored portion of the recording information.

Abstract: A leather coloring process for carrying out coloring on a natural leather, or a natural leather which has been subjected to degreasing. The coloring process is accomplished by ink-jet coloring on at least a partial area of the natural leather.

Abstract: A method for making a color filter substrate includes the steps of: forming barriers on a substrate; placing an ink having a surface tension of 20 to 60 dyne/cm onto regions between the barriers; and curing the ink to form color filters. The volume of the ink charged onto one region is three to ten times the volume of the region. A color filter substrate is produced by the above-mentioned method. A liquid crystal device includes a pair of substrates and a liquid crystal encapsulated between the pair of substrates, wherein one of the pair of substrate is the above-mentioned color filter substrate.

Abstract: An ink jet recording method includes the steps of providing an ink jet recording head having a plurality of discharge openings for discharging ink, a plurality of liquid passageways for holding ink and a plurality of heat generating members. Each of the heat generating members corresponds to a liquid passageway and each heat generating member has a pair of electrodes for driving the heat generating member individually and the electrodes and corresponding heat generating member form a U-shaped wiring portion. The recording head may be manufactured using a cutting process. A voltage is applied to selected pairs of electrodes for driving selected heat generating members individually for providing thermal energy to the ink in the liquid passageway for abruptly forming a bubble and discharging ink from the discharge opening and recording on a recording medium.

Abstract: An information recording apparatus comprises a recording unit for recording on a recording medium and control means for controlling the recording unit to twice eject droplets to the same position on the recording medium so that the tone of the recording is emphasized. In another aspect of the disclosure, an image forming apparatus includes a storage unit for storing recording material, an image forming unit in which an image is formed without contacting the recording material and a discharge unit for discharging the recording material on which the image has been formed. A transporting mechanism transports the recording material from the storage unit, through the image forming unit to the discharge unit along a U-shaped transporting path.

Abstract: An ink jet recording head comprising a plurality of discharge openings for discharging ink, a plurality of liquid passageways for holding ink and a plurality of heat generating members. Each of the heat generating members corresponds to a liquid passageway for providing thermal energy to the ink in the liquid passageway for abruptly forming a bubble for discharging ink from the discharge opening. Each heat generating member has a pair of electrodes for driving the heat generating member individually and the electrodes and corresponding heat generating member form a U-shaped wiring portion. The recording head may be manufactured using a cutting process.

Abstract: An ink jet recording method includes the steps of providing an ink jet recording head having a plurality of discharge openings for discharging ink, a plurality of liquid passageways for holding ink and a plurality of heat generating members. Each of the heat generating members corresponds to a liquid passageway and each heat generating member has a pair of electrodes for driving the heat generating member individually and the electrodes and corresponding heat generating member form a U-shaped wiring portion. The recording head may be manufactured using a cutting process. A voltage is applied to selected pairs of electrodes for driving selected heat generating members individually for providing thermal energy to the ink in the liquid passageway for abruptly forming a bubble and discharging ink from the discharge opening and recording on a recording medium.