Abstract: To provide an ion exchange membrane for alkali chloride electrolysis whereby it is possible to make the electrolysis voltage low and the current efficiency high at the time of performing electrolysis of an alkali chloride; a method for its production; and an alkali chloride electrolysis apparatus using it. The ion exchange membrane for alkali chloride electrolysis has a layer (C) comprising a fluorinated polymer having carbonic acid functional groups, and a layer (S) comprising a fluorinated polymer having sulfonic acid functional groups; a reinforcing material containing reinforcing threads is disposed in the layer (S); and when measured after the ion exchange membrane for alkali chloride electrolysis is immersed and held in a 32 mass % sodium hydroxide aqueous solution warmed at 90° C. for 16 hours and subsequently immersed in a 32 mass % sodium hydroxide aqueous solution at 25° C.

Abstract: To provide a method capable of efficiently producing an ion exchange membrane for alkali chloride electrolysis which has high current efficiency, little variation in current efficiency and high alkaline resistance. This is a method for producing an ion exchange membrane 1 having a layer (C) 12 containing a fluorinated polymer (A) having carboxylic acid type functional groups, by immersing an ion exchange membrane precursor film having a precursor layer (C?) containing a fluorinated polymer (A?) having groups convertible to carboxylic acid type functional groups, in an aqueous alkaline solution comprising an alkali metal hydroxide, a water-soluble organic solvent and water, wherein the proportion of structural units having carboxylic acid type functional groups in the fluorinated polymer (A) is from 13.0 to 14.50 mol %; in the layer (C) 12, the value of resistivity is from 4.0×103 to 25.0×103 ?·cm, and the variation in resistivity is at most 4.

Abstract: To provide a method whereby it is possible to efficiently produce an ion exchange membrane for alkali chloride electrolysis, which has high current efficiency and high alkali resistance at the time of electrolyzing an alkali chloride.

Abstract: To provide a production method whereby an ion exchange membrane for alkali chloride electrolysis can be obtained which has high current efficiency, little variation in current efficiency and high alkaline resistance. This is a method for producing an ion exchange membrane 1 having a layer (C) 12 containing a fluorinated polymer (A) having carboxylic acid type functional groups, by immersing an ion exchange membrane precursor film having a precursor layer (C?) containing a fluorinated polymer (A?) having groups convertible to carboxylic acid type functional groups, in an aqueous alkaline solution comprising an alkali metal hydroxide, a water-soluble organic solvent and water, and converting the groups convertible to carboxylic acid type functional groups to carboxylic acid functional groups, wherein the concentration of the water-soluble organic solvent is from 1 to 60 mass % in the aqueous alkaline solution (100 mass %); the temperature of the aqueous alkaline solution is at least 40° C. and less than 80° C.

Abstract: To provide a process for producing an ion exchange membrane for electrolysis which has a low membrane resistance and which is capable of reducing the electrolysis voltage during the electrolysis, even if the membrane strength is increased, an ion exchange membrane for electrolysis, a precursor membrane of an ion exchange membrane for electrolysis, and an electrolysis apparatus.

Abstract: To provide an ion exchange membrane for alkali chloride electrolysis which has a low membrane resistance and which is capable of reducing the electrolysis voltage during the alkali chloride electrolysis, while increasing the membrane strength. An ion exchange membrane 1 for alkali chloride electrolysis wherein a reinforcing material 20 obtained by weaving with reinforcing yarns 22 and sacrificial yarns 24 is embedded in a fluoropolymer having ion exchange groups, the ion exchange membrane 1 comprises elution holes (28) formed by eluting at least a portion of a material of the sacrificial yarns 24, and in a cross section perpendicular to the length direction of the yarns, the total area (S) obtained by adding the cross-sectional area of an elution hole 28 and the cross-sectional area of a sacrificial yarn 24 remaining in the elution hole 28 is from 500 to 1,200 ?m2, and the number (n) of elution holes 28 between adjacent reinforcing yarns 22 is at least 10.

Abstract: To provide an ion exchange membrane for alkali chloride electrolysis for which membrane strength is increased while membrane resistance is reduced to reduce electrolysis voltage during alkali chloride electrolysis and which prevents peeling between layers (S) and a layer (C). The ion exchange membrane for alkali chloride electrolysis comprises a layer (C) which comprises a fluorinated polymer having carboxylic acid functional groups, at least two layers (S) which comprise a fluorinated polymer having sulfonic acid functional groups, and a reinforcing material, wherein the layers (S) include a layer (Sa) and a layer (Sb), the layer (Sa) is a layer which is adjacent to the layer (C), the layer (Sb) is a layer which is not adjacent to the layer (C), the reinforcing material is disposed in the layer (Sb) substantially in parallel to the layer (Sb) in a state not in contact with the layer (Sa), and the ion exchange capacity of the layer (Sa) is lower than the ion exchange capacity of the layer (Sb).

Abstract: To provide an ion exchange membrane for alkali chloride electrolysis which has high membrane strength and low membrane resistance, thereby capable of reducing the electrolysis voltage during alkali chloride electrolysis. In this ion exchange membrane (1) for alkali chloride electrolysis, a reinforcing material 20 formed by weaving reinforcing yarns 22 and sacrificial yarns 24 is disposed in a layer (S) 14, and layer (S) 14 has elution portions 28 formed by elution of at least portions of the sacrificial yarns 24.

Abstract: To provide an ion exchange membrane for alkali chloride electrolysis, which has low membrane resistance and which reduces the electrolysis voltage during alkali chloride electrolysis, even if the spacing between reinforcing yarns is made narrow to increase the membrane strength.

Abstract: To provide a cation exchange membrane which is less susceptible to swelling or elongation during electrolysis of a potassium chloride aqueous solution even without permitting water absorption or swelling immediately prior to mounting it in an electrolyzer, and a method whereby it possible to stably produce a potassium hydroxide aqueous solution without necessity to conduct an operation for water absorption or swelling immediately prior to mounting the membrane in the electrolyzer.

Abstract: A reinforced electrolyte membrane having an electrolyte membrane containing a fluoropolymer having ion exchange groups, reinforced by a woven fabric made of a reinforcing thread and a sacrificial thread, where the sacrificial thread remains in the electrolyte membrane, a void is formed between the sacrificial thread and the electrolyte membrane, and 2000 ?m2<A<6000 ?m2 and 0.3?B/A<1.0 are satisfied, where A is the total of a cross-sectional area of the sacrificial thread and a cross-sectional area of the void, and B is the cross-sectional area of the sacrificial thread.

Abstract: To provide a reinforced electrolyte membrane to which breakage such as cracking is less likely to occur at the time of handling the reinforced electrolyte membrane during a period between after production of the reinforced electrolyte membrane and before conditioning operation of alkali chloride electrolysis, or at the time of disposing the reinforced electrolyte membrane in an electrolytic cell at the time of conditioning operation, and a process for producing the same. A reinforced electrolyte membrane 1 having an electrolyte membrane 10 containing a fluoropolymer having ion exchange groups, reinforced by a woven fabric 20 made of a reinforcing thread 22 and a sacrificial thread 24, wherein the sacrificial thread 24 remains in the electrolyte membrane 10, a void is formed between the sacrificial thread 24 and the electrolyte membrane 10, and 2000 ?m2<A<600 ?m2 and 0.3?B/A<1.

Abstract: A control system for an automobile engine equipped with an automatic transmission has an intake air controller, such as an electric throttle valve, controlling intake air introduced into the engine according to control patterns which are predetermined for various gears of the automatic transmission. The control system interrupts the control of intake air introduction according to a control pattern corresponding to a desired gear to which the automatic transmission should be shifted up to during an up-shift operation to the desired gear. During a down-shift operation, the control system causes the output torque controller to start the control of output torque according to the control pattern corresponding to a desired gear to which the automatic transmission should be shifted down to simultaneously with a drop of engine output torque.