Abstract: An electronic component includes a base body including internal electrodes embedded therein, first and second main surfaces opposed to each other in a thickness direction, first and second lateral surfaces opposed to each other in a width direction, and first and second end surfaces opposed to each other in a length direction, and a pair of external electrodes respectively on the first and second end surfaces of the base body and respectively connected to the internal electrodes. The external electrodes include at least a Ni plated layer and a Cu6Sn5 portion provided directly on the Ni plated layer or indirectly on the Ni plated layer via a Cu intervening portion with an island shape or a layered structure.

Abstract: A case 31 has a total of first to sixth flat parts 32A to 32F arranged in a circumferential direction of the case 31 and a total of first to sixth arced parts 32a to 32f connecting adjacent flat parts with each other. When viewed in an axial direction of a shaft 44, inner circumferential surfaces CF of the first to sixth arced parts 32a to 32f are each formed in an arced shape having a radius R1 and a center AC of the case 31 as the center. In addition, since the stator 35 is only supported by the inner circumferential surfaces CF (six in total), the press-fit load of the stator 35 with respect to the case 31 can be reduced, and it is possible to increase the assembling accuracy.

Abstract: A torque sensor includes: a strain body; and an optical sensor configured to detect a deformation of the strain body. The strain body includes an outer peripheral portion having a ring shape, and an inner peripheral portion of which at least a part is disposed inside the outer peripheral portion in a radial direction. The optical sensor includes a scale fixed to one of the outer peripheral portion and the inner peripheral portion, and disposed between the outer peripheral portion and the inner peripheral portion, and a detector fixed to a remaining one of the outer peripheral portion and the inner peripheral portion, and disposed to face the scale between the outer peripheral portion and the inner peripheral portion.

Abstract: An encoder includes a scale and a sensor. The scale has first and second absolute patterns. The sensor includes a light source, and first and second absolute light receivers. The first and second absolute light receivers receive light from the first and second absolute patterns, respectively. The first absolute light receiver receives light from the first pattern and includes first and second light receiving elements. Each first light receiving elements outputs a first signal with a first phase. Each second light receiving elements outputs a first signal with a second phase. The first and second light receiving elements are arranged alternately. The second absolute light receiver includes third and fourth light receiving elements. Each third light receiving element outputs a second signal with the first phase. The third and fourth light receiving elements are arranged alternately. Each fourth light receiving element outputs a second signal with the second phase.

Abstract: In a motor device, since a first conductive plate and a second conductive plate are provided to cover a housing, it is possible to prevent electrical noise from being radiated to the outside of the housing, and thus it is possible to take more sufficient countermeasures against electrical noise. Therefore, it is possible to further suppress adverse effects on in-vehicle equipment such as a car audio. In addition, since the first conductive plate and the second conductive plate are respectively electrically connected and collectively fixed by the first fixing member and the second fixing member, the assemblability of the sunroof motor can also be improved.

Abstract: An element body has an exposed surface including a selective surface material which is to be coated with the coating material and a non-selected surface material which is not to be coated with the coating material. The selected surface material has different material properties than the non-selected surface material. The element body is coated with the coating material by applying a surface modifier only on the surface of the selected surface material and thereafter coating the surface of the selected surface material to which the surface modifier has been applied with the coating material.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for manufacturing a stator core including multiple teeth around which a coil is to be wound, a teeth-connecting part that connects adjacent ones of the teeth, and a first annular part having, on an inner circumferential part thereof, multiple fitting parts to be respectively fitted with the teeth. The manufacturing method includes: (a) a step for punching out, from a sheet material, an inner core (second annular part) in which the teeth and the teeth-connecting part are formed integrally; (b) a step for subjecting the sheet material, prior to the punching of the inner core, to a non-magnetization treatment in a section of the sheet material corresponding to the teeth-connecting part; and (c) a step for fitting the first annular part and the inner core by the fitting parts.

Abstract: An encoder includes a disc and a sensor. The disc has a circular surface with a central axis and is rotatable around the central axis. The disc has a slit row provided on the circular surface. The slit row includes slits arranged in a circumferential direction of the circular surface around the central axis and in a radial direction of the circular surface. The sensor is provided opposite to the slit row on circular surface. The sensor has a first light receiver and a second light receiver. The first light receiver is configured to output a first light receiving signal as the slit row rotates along the circumferential direction when the disc rotates around the central axis. The second light receiver is configured to output a second light receiving signal as the slit row moves along the radial direction when the disc rotates around the central axis.

Abstract: An encoder includes a scale and a sensor. The scale has first and second absolute patterns. The sensor includes a light source, and first and second absolute light receivers. The first and second absolute light receivers receive light from the first and second absolute patterns, respectively. The first absolute light receiver receives light from the first pattern and includes first and second light receiving elements. Each first light receiving elements outputs a first signal with a first phase. Each second light receiving elements outputs a first signal with a second phase. The first and second light receiving elements are arranged alternately. The second absolute light receiver includes third and fourth light receiving elements. Each third light receiving element outputs a second signal with the first phase. The third and fourth light receiving elements are arranged alternately. Each fourth light receiving element outputs a second signal with the second phase.

Abstract: An encoder includes a scale and a sensor. The scale has first and second absolute patterns. The sensor includes a light source, and first and second absolute light receivers. The first and second absolute light receivers receive light from the first and second absolute patterns, respectively. The first absolute light receiver receives light from the first pattern and includes first and second light receiving elements. Each first light receiving elements outputs a first signal with a first phase. Each second light receiving elements outputs a first signal with a second phase. The first and second light receiving elements are arranged alternately. The second absolute light receiver includes third and fourth light receiving elements. Each third light receiving element outputs a second signal with the first phase. The third and fourth light receiving elements are arranged alternately. Each fourth light receiving element outputs a second signal with the second phase.

Abstract: A modified resin base material that includes a resin material having a base at a surface thereof, and a plating catalytic metal on the surface of the resin material, wherein a combination of the plating catalytic metal and the base is at least one of the following Lewis acid-base combinations according to a HSAB principle: a hard acid and a hard base or an intermediate base, an intermediate acid and a hard base, an intermediate base or a soft base, or a soft acid and an intermediate base or a soft base.

Abstract: A torque sensor includes: a strain body; and an optical sensor configured to detect a deformation of the strain body. The strain body includes an outer peripheral portion having a ring shape, and an inner peripheral portion of which at least a part is disposed inside the outer peripheral portion in a radial direction. The optical sensor includes a scale fixed to one of the outer peripheral portion and the inner peripheral portion, and disposed between the outer peripheral portion and the inner peripheral portion, and a detector fixed to a remaining one of the outer peripheral portion and the inner peripheral portion, and disposed to face the scale between the outer peripheral portion and the inner peripheral portion.

Abstract: An encoder includes a disc and a sensor. The disc has a circular surface with a central axis and is rotatable around the central axis. The disc has a slit row provided on the circular surface. The slit row includes slits arranged in a circumferential direction of the circular surface around the central axis and in a radial direction of the circular surface. The sensor is provided opposite to the slit row on circular surface. The sensor has a first light receiver and a second light receiver. The first light receiver is configured to output a first light receiving signal as the slit row rotates along the circumferential direction when the disc rotates around the central axis. The second light receiver is configured to output a second light receiving signal as the slit row moves along the radial direction when the disc rotates around the central axis.

Abstract: An encoder includes a scale and a sensor. The scale has first and second absolute patterns. The sensor includes a light source, and first and second absolute light receivers. The first and second absolute light receivers receive light from the first and second absolute patterns, respectively. The first absolute light receiver receives light from the first pattern and includes first and second light receiving elements. Each first light receiving elements outputs a first signal with a first phase. Each second light receiving elements outputs a first signal with a second phase. The first and second light receiving elements are arranged alternately. The second absolute light receiver includes third and fourth light receiving elements. Each third light receiving element outputs a second signal with the first phase. The third and fourth light receiving elements are arranged alternately. Each fourth light receiving element outputs a second signal with the second phase.

Abstract: An element body has an exposed surface including a selective surface material which is to be coated with the coating material and a non-selected surface material which is not to be coated with the coating material. The selected surface material has different material properties than the non-selected surface material. The element body is coated with the coating material by applying a surface modifier only on the surface of the selected surface material and thereafter coating the surface of the selected surface material to which the surface modifier has been applied with the coating material.

Abstract: A ring gear (82) of a planetary gear speed reducer (80) is fixed to a casing (31) provided with a core metal (31) fixed to a vehicle panel via a rubber damper (92). Therefore, the driving unit can be reduced in size through adoption of a speed reducer (80) formed of gears (82) made of spur gears, and the rubber dumper (92) can suppress low frequency vibrations which are transmitted from the speed reducer (80) to the vehicle panel. Therefore, the vehicle body of the vehicle having a low characteristic frequency is prevented from resonating with the incoming low frequency vibrations to generate noises which are transmitted to the vehicle interior, and which give an occupant an unpleasant feeling.

Abstract: An encoder includes a track having optical effecters arranged to have an absolute pattern in a measurement direction, a light source configured to emit diffusion light to the track, and a light receiving array configured to have light receiving elements arranged in the measurement direction and to receive light reflected or transmitted by the track. The light receiving elements fall within an area which is positioned corresponding to an area between the optical effecters and to which the light reflected by the track dose not reach.

Abstract: An encoder includes a plurality of slit tracks, a point light source, a first light-receiving array, a second light-receiving array, and a third light-receiving array. The plurality of slit tracks respectively comprises a plurality of reflection slits arranged along a measurement direction. The point light source is configured to emit diffusion light to the plurality of slit tracks. The first light-receiving array is configured to receive light reflected by the slit track comprising an incremental pattern. The second light-receiving array is configured to receive light reflected by the slit track comprising an incremental pattern longer in pitch than other incremental patterns. The third light-receiving array is configured to receive light reflected by the slit track comprising an absolute pattern.

Abstract: A ring gear (82) of a planetary gear speed reducer (80) is fixed to a casing (31) provided with a core metal (31) fixed to a vehicle panel via a rubber damper (92). Therefore, the driving unit can be reduced in size through adoption of a speed reducer (80) formed of gears (82) made of spur gears, and the rubber dumper (92) can suppress low frequency vibrations which are transmitted from the speed reducer (80) to the vehicle panel. Therefore, the vehicle body of the vehicle having a low characteristic frequency is prevented from resonating with the incoming low frequency vibrations to generate noises which are transmitted to the vehicle interior, and which give an occupant an unpleasant feeling.

Abstract: An encoder includes a plurality of slit tracks, a point light source, a first to third light-receiving arrays. The plurality of slit tracks respectively comprises a plurality of reflection slits. The point light source emits diffusion light to the plurality of slit tracks. The first light-receiving array receives light reflected by the slit track comprising an incremental pattern. The second light-receiving array receives light reflected by the slit track comprising an incremental pattern longer in pitch than other incremental patterns, and is disposed at a position on a side of a direction where the point light source is disposed, than the first light-receiving array, The third light-receiving array receives light reflected by the slit track comprising an absolute pattern, and is disposed at a position on a side of a direction where the point light source is disposed, than the first light-receiving array.