Abstract: A method for manufacturing a novel display apparatus is provided. The method includes a first step of forming a first electrode, a second electrode, and a first gap over an insulating film, a second step of forming a first film over the second electrode; a third step of forming a first layer overlapping with the first electrode, a fourth step of removing the first film by an etching method to form a first unit overlapping with the first electrode, a fifth step of removing a surface of the second electrode, a sixth step of forming a second film over the first layer and the second electrode, a seventh step of forming a second layer overlapping with the second electrode, and an eighth step of removing the second film by an etching method using the second layer to form a second unit overlapping with the second electrode and a second gap.

Abstract: A map information assessment device has a processor configured to match a plurality of first zones representing a first road in a first map, with second zones representing a second road in a second map, the matching being made by using locations on the second road that are closest to the starting points of the first zones as the starting points, and using zones having the same lengths as the first zones, as the second zones corresponding to the first zones, to calculate zone adjacent distances between the end points of the second zones and the starting points of other second zones adjacent to those second zones, and to determine that positional information for the first road in a first zone is different from positional information for the second road in a second zone corresponding to that first zone, when the zone adjacent distance is greater than a threshold.

Abstract: A novel display apparatus that is highly convenient, useful, or reliable is provided. The display apparatus includes a first light-emitting device including a first electrode, a first layer, a first unit, and a second electrode and a second light-emitting device including a third electrode, a second layer, a second unit, and a fourth electrode. The first unit is between the first electrode and the second electrode and includes a first light-emitting material. The first layer is between the first unit and the first electrode and is in contact with the first electrode. The third electrode is adjacent to the first electrode. A first gap is between the third electrode and the first electrode. The second unit is between the third electrode and the fourth electrode and includes a second light-emitting material. The second layer is between the second unit and the third electrode and is in contact with the third electrode.

Abstract: A high-resolution display device is provided. A display device with both high display quality and high resolution is provided. The display device includes a first display element including a first pixel electrode, a first EL layer, and a common electrode; a second display element including a second pixel electrode, a second EL layer, and the common electrode; a first insulating layer covering an end portion of the first pixel electrode and an end portion of the second pixel electrode; a second insulating layer over the first insulating layer; and a third insulating layer over the second insulating layer. The first EL layer is placed over the first pixel electrode and the third insulating layer. The second EL layer is placed over the second pixel electrode and the third insulating layer.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes an image forming device that forms an image on a recording medium with a powdery material, the image being sized so as to extend beyond an edge of the recording medium; a collecting device that collects the material that has extended off the recording medium as a result of the image forming device forming the image; and a restricting unit that controls the image forming device in such a manner that the image forming device reduces an amount of use of the material in a region of the image that extends off the recording medium to a larger degree on an outer side of the image than a side of the image near the recording medium.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes a rotating fixing unit, a switching unit, and a control unit. The rotating fixing unit has a surface, the surface fixing a toner image on a recording medium by contacting the recording medium. The switching unit switches between transportation directions in which the recording sheet is transported such that an orientation of a predetermined side of the recording medium with respect to the fixing unit matches either an orientation corresponding to a first direction in which the central axis of the fixing unit extends or an orientation corresponding to a second direction that is perpendicular to the first direction. The control unit controls the switching unit such that the recording medium is transported in a direction corresponding to a smaller one of integration values obtained along the first direction and the second direction.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes an image forming device that forms an image on a recording medium with a powdery material, the image being sized so as to extend beyond an edge of the recording medium; a collecting device that collects the material that has extended off the recording medium as a result of the image forming device forming the image; and a restricting unit that controls the image forming device in such a manner that the image forming device reduces an amount of use of the material in a region of the image that extends off the recording medium to a larger degree on an outer side of the image than a side of the image near the recording medium.

Abstract: Provided is a fixing device including a heating rotating body that heats a toner image formed on a recording medium, a pressurizing rotating body including an endless belt that is placed in such a manner that an outer circumferential surface thereof faces the heating rotating body, a first pressurizing member that is placed on a side of an inner circumferential surface of the endless belt and forms a fixing nip portion between the endless belt and the heating rotating body, and a second pressurizing member that guides the recording medium so that the recording medium comes into contact with the heating rotating body on an upstream side of the fixing nip portion in a transportation direction of the recording medium, and a releasing unit that releases pressure contact of the pressurizing rotating body that is in pressure contact with heating rotating body.

Abstract: A temperature sensor includes a front surface; a back surface; a first temperature-sensitive element and a second temperature-sensitive element disposed side by side between the front surface and the back surface; an infrared-ray absorber; and a heat-transfer inhibitor. When the temperature sensor is exposed to infrared rays that have propagated from both of a front-surface side and a back-surface side of the temperature sensor, the infrared absorber heats up by absorbing the infrared rays and transfers heat to the first temperature-sensitive element and the heat-transfer inhibiter inhibits heat transfer to the second temperature-sensitive element caused by the infrared rays.

Abstract: Provided is a temperature detecting device including a first heat sensing element that is disposed to face an image holding member, a second heat sensing element, an infrared shielding unit that shields the second heat sensing element against radiation with infrared rays, and a substrate with flexibility that holds the first heat sensing element, the second heat sensing element, and the infrared shielding unit, wherein the infrared shielding unit is disposed in a space where the developer is dispersed, and the substrate is bent-disposed such that the first heat sensing element is disposed on an upstream side of the infrared shielding unit in a direction where infrared rays are radiated, the second heat sensing element is disposed on a downstream side of the infrared shielding unit in the direction where infrared rays are radiated, and the substrate is disposed between the image holding member and the infrared shielding unit.

Abstract: Provided is a fixing device including a heating rotating body that heats a toner image formed on a recording medium, a pressurizing rotating body including an endless belt that is placed in such a manner that an outer circumferential surface thereof faces the heating rotating body, a first pressurizing member that is placed on a side of an inner circumferential surface of the endless belt and forms a fixing nip portion between the endless belt and the heating rotating body, and a second pressurizing member that guides the recording medium so that the recording medium comes into contact with the heating rotating body on an upstream side of the fixing nip portion in a transportation direction of the recording medium, and a releasing unit that releases pressure contact of the pressurizing rotating body that is in pressure contact with heating rotating body.

Abstract: A temperature sensor includes a front surface; a back surface; a first temperature-sensitive element and a second temperature-sensitive element disposed side by side between the front surface and the back surface; an infrared-ray absorber; and a heat-transfer inhibitor. When the temperature sensor is exposed to infrared rays that have propagated from both of a front-surface side and a back-surface side of the temperature sensor, the infrared absorber heats up by absorbing the infrared rays and transfers heat to the first temperature-sensitive element and the heat-transfer inhibiter inhibits heat transfer to the second temperature-sensitive element caused by the infrared rays.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes a rotating fixing unit, a switching unit, and a control unit. The rotating fixing unit has a surface, the surface fixing a toner image on a recording medium by contacting the recording medium. The switching unit switches between transportation directions in which the recording sheet is transported such that an orientation of a predetermined side of the recording medium with respect to the fixing unit matches either an orientation corresponding to a first direction in which the central axis of the fixing unit extends or an orientation corresponding to a second direction that is perpendicular to the first direction. The control unit controls the switching unit such that the recording medium is transported in a direction corresponding to a smaller one of integration values obtained along the first direction and the second direction.

Abstract: On the occasion of receiving an electronic mail to a predetermined receiving address defined as a mailing list, there is stored mailing list information recorded beforehand with a transfer destination address of the electronic mail and a bypass-transfer destination address for bypassing the transfer destination address, and, on the occasion of transferring the electronic mail to the transfer destination address, in case a fault occurs in the transfer destination and the transferring is difficult, the bypass-transfer destination address is read out so that the received electronic mail is transferred thereto by bypassing the transfer destination address.

Abstract: On the occasion of receiving an electronic mail to a predetermined receiving address defined as a mailing list, there is stored mailing list information recorded beforehand with a transfer destination address of the electronic mail and a bypass-transfer destination address for bypassing the transfer destination address, and, on the occasion of transferring the electronic mail to the transfer destination address, in case a fault occurs in the transfer destination and the transferring is difficult, the bypass-transfer destination address is read out so that the received electronic mail is transferred thereto by bypassing the transfer destination address.