Abstract: A laminate according to an aspect of the present invention includes an inner layer and a pair of outer layers laminated on both sides of the inner layer. The inner layer contains an inorganic filler and a first thermoplastic resin. Each of the outer layers contains a second thermoplastic resin. The inorganic filler includes calcium carbonate particles. A content of the inorganic filler in the laminate by ratio is more than 50% by mass. Each of the first thermoplastic resin and the second thermoplastic resin satisfies a specific condition. A total content, by ratio, of a first polyethylene resin, a second polyethylene resin, and a third polyethylene resin satisfying the specific condition in each of the first thermoplastic resin and the second thermoplastic resin is more than 90% by mass.

Abstract: A valve control synchronizing apparatus for an internal combustion engine for controlling opening and closing operations of an engine valve includes a synchronizing pin assembly selectively transferring pivoting movement from one or both of first and second adjacent rocker arms to a central rocker arm. The synchronizing pin assembly is received in a bore defined through the central rocker arm and at least partially into each of the first and second rocker arms. The synchronizing pin assembly bridges between the first rocker arm and the central rocker arm to transfer pivoting movement of the first rocker arm to the central rocker arm and bridges between the second rocker arm and the central rocker arm to transfer pivoting movement from the second rocker arm to the central rocker arm.

Abstract: A rocker arm changeover device for an engine includes a major rocker arm to drive intake or exhaust valves. A driven rocker arm is arranged in line with the major rocker arm. A changeover pin is movable within a first pin hole and a second pin hole and to change between engagement and disengagement of the major and driven rocker arms. The first pin hole coaxially matches the second pin hole through rocking motions of the major and driven rocker arms. A first pin is movable within the first and second pin holes between a disengagement position at which the first pin is retracted into the first pin hole and an engagement position at which the first pin protrudes from the major rocker arm. A second pin is movable relative to and coaxially with the first pin within the first pin hole.

Abstract: A pressure type flow rate control reference allows the performance of flow rate calibrations of a flow rate controller on all types of gases, including corrosive gases, at low costs, and also has excellent flow rate control accuracy. The pressure type flow rate control reference includes a pressure controller for adjusting the pressure of a calibration gas from a calibration gas supply source, a first volume provided on the downstream side of a pressure controller, a first connection mouth of an uncalibrated flow rate controller provided on the downstream side of the first volume, a reference pressure type flow rate controller connected to a second connection mouth on the downstream side of the uncalibrated flow rate controller, a second volume provided on the downstream side of a reference pressure type flow rate controller, and an evacuation device provided on the downstream side of the second volume.

Abstract: A pressure type flow rate control reference allows the performance of flow rate calibrations of a flow rate controller on all types of gases, including corrosive gases, at low costs, and also has excellent flow rate control accuracy. The pressure type flow rate control reference includes a pressure controller for adjusting the pressure of a calibration gas from a calibration gas supply source, a first volume provided on the downstream side of a pressure controller, a first connection mouth of an uncalibrated flow rate controller provided on the downstream side of the first volume, a reference pressure type flow rate controller connected to a second connection mouth on the downstream side of the uncalibrated flow rate controller, a second volume provided on the downstream side of a reference pressure type flow rate controller, and an evacuation device provided on the downstream side of the second volume.

Abstract: A pressure type flow rate control reference allows the performance of flow rate calibrations of a flow rate controller on all types of gases, including corrosive gases, at low costs, and also has excellent flow rate control accuracy. The pressure type flow rate control reference includes a pressure controller for adjusting the pressure of a calibration gas from a calibration gas supply source, a first volume provided on the downstream side of a pressure controller, a first connection mouth of an uncalibrated flow rate controller provided on the downstream side of the first volume, a reference pressure type flow rate controller connected to a second connection mouth on the downstream side of the uncalibrated flow rate controller, a second volume provided on the downstream side of a reference pressure type flow rate controller, and an evacuation device provided on the downstream side of the second volume.

Abstract: A rocker arm changeover device for an engine includes a major rocker arm to drive intake or exhaust valves. A driven rocker arm is arranged in line with the major rocker arm. A changeover pin is movable within a first pin hole and a second pin hole and to change between engagement and disengagement of the major and driven rocker arms. The first pin hole coaxially matches the second pin hole through rocking motions of the major and driven rocker arms. A first pin is movable within the first and second pin holes between a disengagement position at which the first pin is retracted into the first pin hole and an engagement position at which the first pin protrudes from the major rocker arm. A second pin is movable relative to and coaxially with the first pin within the first pin hole.

Abstract: A valve control synchronizing apparatus for an internal combustion engine for controlling opening and closing operations of an engine valve includes a synchronizing pin assembly selectively transferring pivoting movement from one or both of first and second adjacent rocker arms to a central rocker arm. The synchronizing pin assembly is received in a bore defined through the central rocker arm and at least partially into each of the first and second rocker arms. The synchronizing pin assembly bridges between the first rocker arm and the central rocker arm to transfer pivoting movement of the first rocker arm to the central rocker arm and bridges between the second rocker arm and the central rocker arm to transfer pivoting movement from the second rocker arm to the central rocker arm.

Abstract: A pressure type flow rate control reference which allows performance of flow rate calibrations of a flow rate controller on all types of gases, including corrosive gases, at low costs, and also has excellent flow rate control accuracy. The pressure type flow rate control reference includes a pressure controller for adjusting the pressure of a calibration gas from a calibration gas supply source, a first volume provided on the downstream side of a pressure controller, a first connection mouth of an uncalibrated flow rate controller provided on the downstream side of the first volume, a reference pressure type flow rate controller connected to a second connection mouth on the downstream side of the uncalibrated flow rate controller, a second volume provided on the downstream side of a reference pressure type flow rate controller, and an evacuation device provided on the downstream side of the second volume.

Abstract: Apparatus for controlling the steerable wheels of a power-assisted steering unit of a vehicle in which an angle detector is connected to the power assist unit and to a power controller. An abnormality detector is arranged between the steering shaft of the steering wheel and an output shaft of the angle detector to detect an abnormal state based on relative displacement of the steering shaft and the output shaft of the angle detector to produce a signal which is sent to the power controller. The steering shaft is controlled by the power controller to avoid the abnormal state based on the signal from the abnormality detector, a control signal from an electronic control unit based on steering angle of the wheels and a signal from a sensor detecting steering angle of the steering wheel.

Abstract: In a steering gear having a steering correction function for causing a vehicle to correct steering when disturbance acts on a power steering gear or the vehicle, there are provided a connecting portion for connecting the input shaft to output shaft and for detecting the abnormal state; and a releasable portion for a drive unit operation of the steering drive unit interlocked with a connecting operation of the connecting mechanism. In a normally "OFF" (disengagement) state of the clutch, a steering drive control device controls a steering drive unit in accordance with a steering command from a steering control device, and a steering driving force is transmitted from the steering drive unit to the steering device through a transmissional mechanism for the steering driving force, thereby performing steering. However, in an abnormal state, the clutch mechanically detects the abnormal state and is engaged from the "OFF" state to an "ON" (engagement) state to connect the input device and the steering device.

Abstract: A vibration control apparatus detects a physical value influencing characteristics of a suspension supporting a vibrating body and a state value representing movement of the suspension, calculates an optimal target control force in consideration of an external force or disturbance acting on the suspension on the basis of the physical and state values as outputs from a state detecting system, calculates the detection control force corresponding to the detected physical value, and continuously variably controls the suspension characteristics so as to generate a control force corresponding to the difference between the target and detection control forces in consideration of the external force or disturbance acting on the suspension, whereby vibrations are prevented by equivalently applying the target control force on the suspension.

Abstract: In a vibration control apparatus, a physical value influencing characteristics of a suspension for supporting a vibrating body and a state value representing movement of the suspension are detected. A frequency distribution of these values with respect to levels is calculated every predetermined period of time. A target control force is calculated on the basis of the frequency distribution in consideration of a continuous change in external state. An actual control force (detection control force) is calculated by the detected physical value. The suspension characteristics are continuously, variably controlled so as to equivalently generate a control force corresponding to a difference between the target and detection control forces. As a result, the target control force is equivalently applied to the suspension, thereby damping the vibrations.

Abstract: An apparatus for controlling steering of wheels of a vehicle comprises a control means, a driving means, and an actuator means. The control means comprises a feed forward signal operating means, a feed back signal operating means for generating signals for variables representing vehicle behaviors and output from a vehicle behavior sensor, and a control signal operating means for calculating a difference or sum of the signals output from the feed forwad and feedback signal operating means. The feed forward signal operating means comprises a steering angle signal circuit, a steering angular velocity signal operating circuit, a steering angle signal operating circuit having a first coefficient circuit for multiplying a steering angle signal with a coefficient, and an adder for adding the outputs from the steering angle signal circuit, the steering angle signal operating circuit, and the steering angular velocity operating circuit.

Abstract: In this system for vehicle roll control, one actuator assembly is provided corresponding to each vehicle wheel and resiliently suspends it from the vehicle body. Each of these actuator assemblies is adapted to increase or decrease the vehicle height at its vehicle wheel as a result of a control signal being supplied. Control means are provided corresponding to the actuator assemblies and serve to supply control signals to them. A vehicle speed detecting means senses road speed, a steering angle detecting means senses steering angle, a means senses the rate of change of steering angle, and a means detects the actual roll angle .phi..sub.t of the vehicle body. A computing and control means computes a steady state roll angle .phi..sub..infin. of the vehicle body from the vehicle speed and the steering angle, advances the phase of a signal representative of the steady state roll angle .phi..sub..infin. to thereby compute a compensating value .PHI..sub..infin. of roll angle, computes an amendment value .phi..sub.

Abstract: In this roll control system, suspension means are provided for resiliently suspending the vehicle wheels with variable hardness/softness characteristics, each suspension means including an actuator with a pressure chamber which increases or decreases wheel suspension height according to the supply or discharge of working fluid. Working fluid supply/discharge means are provided for the actuators, to supply and discharge working fluid to and from actuator pressure chambers. The road speed, the steering angle, and the actual body roll angle are detected. Means for computing and control computes a steady state vehicle body roll angle .phi..sub..infin. from the vehicle speed and steering angle, advances the phase of a signal indicative of .phi..sub..infin. to compute a compensating roll angle value .PHI..sub..infin., and then computes a difference value .phi. based upon a desired roll angle .phi..sub.a, .PHI..sub..infin., and the actual roll angle .phi..sub.t, according to the equation:.phi.=.phi..sub.a -(k1.PHI..

Abstract: An active suspension apparatus using hydropneumatic springs is disclosed to control damping characteristics in accordance with the vibration state of the passenger compartment of a vehicle during travel. An absolute acceleration of the floor of the passenger's compartment is detected and is compared with a reference value to discriminate the actual vibration state of the passenger compartment. The openings of restrictors arranged between hydropneumatic spring chambers and actuators are controlled in accordance with the discrimination result. In order to accurately detect the vibration state, specific vibration components are extracted by band-pass filters from the absolute acceleration signal.

Abstract: In this system for vehicle roll control, a suspension device or an actuator is provided corresponding to each wheel of a vehicle, and resiliently suspends it from the vehicle body. Each such suspension device can alter its hardness or softness characteristics according to a control signal, while similarly the actuators are adapted to alter the suspended height of their wheels. A vehicle speed detecting device senses road speed, a steering angle detecting device senses steering angle, and a device detects the total vehicle body weight.

Abstract: A rear wheel steer angle controlling apparatus for vehicles having steerable front and rear wheels, adapted for controlling the steer angle of rear wheels in response to the operation of the steering wheel for steering the front wheels. When the steering wheel is operated quickly, a rear wheel steer angle is formed in the counter direction to the direction of the front wheel steer angle, so that the response to the steering input for turning the vehicle is improved. Conversely, when the steering wheel is operated slowly, a rear wheel steer angle is formed in the same direction as the front wheel steer angle, thus enhancing the stability of the vehicle running straight. When the vehicle is running at a high speed, the rear wheel steer angle is formed always in the same direction as the front wheel steer angle regardless of the speed of operation of the steering wheel, so that the steering stability during high speed running is improved.

Abstract: A rear wheel steer angle controlling apparatus for vehicles having steerable front and rear wheels, adapted for controlling the steer angle or rear wheels in response to the operation of the steering wheel for steering the front wheels. The speed with which the steering wheel is turned is detected and compared with a reference value which varies in accordance with changes in a physical amount related to the vehicle velocity. When the speed of operation of the steering wheel is larger than the reference value, a rear wheel steer angle is formed in the counter direction to the direction of the front wheel steer angle, so that the response to the steering input for turning the vehicle is improved. Conversely, when the speed of operation of the steering wheel is smaller than the reference value, a rear wheel steer angle is formed in the same direction as the front wheel steer angle, thus enhancing the stability of the vehicle running straight.