Abstract: A method of producing a chlorinated hydrocarbon having 3 carbon atoms, comprising a conversion step for converting a chloropropane represented by the following formula (1) into a chloropropane represented by the following formula (2) by reacting it with chlorine in the presence of anhydrous aluminum chloride. CCl3—CCl(2-m)Hm—CCl(3-n)Hn??(1) (In the above formula (1), m is 1 or 2, and n is an integer of 0 to 3.) CCl3—CCl(3-m)H(m-1)—CCl(3-n)Hn??(2) (In the above formula (2), m and n are the same integers as in the formula (1), respectively.

Abstract: A process of making a chlorinated hydrocarbon through a thermal dehydrochlorination step in which an unsaturated compound represented by the following general formula (2) is obtained by thermally decomposing a saturated compound represented by the following general formula (1). CCl3—CCl2-mHm—CCl3-nHn??(1) CCl2?CCl2-mHm-1—CCl3-nHn??(2) (in the above formulas, m is 1 or 2, and n is an integer of 0 to 3.

Abstract: A method of producing a chlorinated hydrocarbon having 3 carbon atoms, comprising a conversion step for converting a chloropropane represented by the following formula (1) into a chloropropane represented by the following formula (2) by reacting it with chlorine in the presence of anhydrous aluminum chloride. CCl3—CCl(2-m)Hm—CCl(3-n)Hn??(1) (In the above formula (1), m is 1 or 2, and n is an integer of 0 to 3.) CCl3—CCl(3-m)H(m-1)—CCl(3-n)Hn??(2) (In the above formula (2), m and n are the same integers as in the formula (1), respectively.

Abstract: A process of making a chlorinated hydrocarbon through a thermal dehydrochlorination step in which an unsaturated compound represented by the following general formula (2) is obtained by thermally decomposing a saturated compound represented by the following general formula (1). CCl3—CCl2-mHm—CCl3-nHn??(1) CCl2?CCl2-mHm-1—CCl3-nHn??(2) (in the above formulas, m is 1 or 2, and n is an integer of 0 to 3.).

Abstract: A process of making a chlorinated hydrocarbon through a thermal dehydrochlorination step in which an unsaturated compound represented by the following general formula (2) is obtained by thermally decomposing a saturated compound represented by the following general formula (1). CCl3—CCl2-mHm—CCl3-nHn??(1) CCl2?CCl2-mHm-1—CCl3-nHn??(2) (in the above formulas, m is 1 or 2, and n is an integer of 0 to 3.

Abstract: A process of making a chlorinated hydrocarbon through a thermal dehydrochlorination step in which an unsaturated compound represented by the following general formula (2) is obtained by thermally decomposing a saturated compound represented by the following general formula (1). CCl3—CCl2-mHm—CCl3-nHn??(1) CCl2?CCl2-mHm-1—CCl3-nHn??(2) (in the above formulas, m is 1 or 2, and n is an integer of 0 to 3.

Abstract: A control method of a gas turbine provided with a plurality of combustors each of which has a first stage combustion part effecting diffusion combustion and a second stage combustion part effecting premixed combustion, comprises: monitoring a quantity of state representative of the combustion condition of the combustor or gas turbine, and regarding the combustion condition as being abnormal combustion when the quantity of state exceeds an allowable value and lowering gas turbine load to a predetermined partial load, thereby to continue the operation.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus is capable of detecting the presence or absence of sheets before a bottom plate moves up during a so-called initial operation, such as an operation for setting a sheet loading tray in the apparatus, and preventing the bottom plate from running wildly during, for example, an upward movement thereof.

Abstract: A control method of a gas turbine provided with a plurality of combustors each of which has a first stage combustion part effecting diffusion combustion and a second stage combustion part effecting premixed combustion, comprises: monitoring a quantity of state representative of the combustion condition of the combustor or gas turbine, and regarding the combustion condition as being abnormal combustion when the quantity of state exceeds an allowable value and lowering gas turbine load to a predetermined partial load, thereby to continue the operation.

Abstract: A control method of a gas turbine provided with a plurality of combustors each of which has a first stage combustion part effecting diffusion combustion and a second stage combustion part effecting premixed combustion, includes monitoring a quantity of state representative of the combustion condition of the combustor or gas turbine, and regarding the combustion condition as being abnormal combustion when the quantity of state exceeds an allowable value and lowering gas turbine load to a predetermined partial load, thereby to continue the operation.

Abstract: A gas turbine combustor having a fuel injection nozzle for diffusion combustion disposed in a central portion of the combustor and an annular premixed nozzle disposed in an outer peripheral portion of the fuel injection nozzle for injecting a mixed gas of fuel and air. The annular premixed nozzle includes an annular premixing chamber and a plurality of premixed fuel nozzles for injecting fuel into the annular premixing chamber. The annular premix nozzle is divided by a partition (108) to form a plurality of premixing chambers each adjacent to the fuel injection nozzle for diffusion combustion. Each of the premixing chambers includes at least one of the premixed fuel nozzles. A mechanism is provided for supplying fuel to a predetermined number of the premixing chambers in a low load operation of the gas turbine and for supplying fuel to all of the premixing chambers in a high load operation.

Abstract: A combustor comprises a passage area changing mechanism which relatively moves a flame holder relative to a premixed combustion nozzle in an axial direction so that the area of passage for premixed gas between an injection edge of the premixed combustion nozzle and a peripheral edge of the flame holder can be changed. Stable combustion can be maintained over a wide load range and reduction in NOx can be achieved.

Abstract: A gas turbine apparatus has a gas turbine and a plurality of burners for providing combustion gas to drive the turbine. A flow control means of each burner for fuel or combustion air is adjusted by control means to control each said burner individually in dependence on a predetermined combustion characteristic of the respective burner. Sensed quantities relating to the combustion performance of the burners are input to the control means which adjusts the flow control means of each burner in dependence on the sensed quantities and the predetermined combustion characteristic of the respective burner.

Abstract: First and second premixed burners having annular injection slots are concentrically adjacent and the injection slots are substantially aligned with each other in a longitudinal direction of the burners. A pilot burner is provided substantially in the center of the annular first premixed burner so that the injection slot of the pilot burner is substantially aligned with the injection slot of the first premixed burner in a longitudinal direction of the burner. A flame holder which forms a circulating flow of combusted gas Gh downstream of the flame holder is disposed at the downstream end of a boundary wall between the premixed burners so that the flame holder is co-used by the premixed burners. Flow rate adjusting means for adjusting the flow rate of fuel supplied to the first, second premixed burner and the pilot burner, respectively are provided. The fuel can be substantially uniformly mixed with a combustion gas. Reduction in NOx and stabilization of premixed flame can be achieved.

Abstract: A fuel cell has a plurality of fuel cell sub-stacks each of which has cell bodies, at least one anode header and at least one cathode header and which are stacked to form a fuel cell stack body, and side thermal insulators which are provided on the side of the fuel cell stack body so as to keep the fuel cell sub-stacks warm and which are discrete from each other in the direction of stacking of the fuel cell sub-stacks, each of the plurality of side thermal insulators being independently supported.

Abstract: The invention relates to internal-reforming fuel cells. They are each constructed of plural unit cells stacked one over another. Each unit cell is formed of a cathode, an electrolyte plate, an anode and a separator. Each unit cell also includes a generating zone formed by the cathode, anode and electrolyte plate; a reforming zone for reforming fuel gas; a fuel gas flow channel communicating with a fuel gas inlet and a fuel gas outlet and including a divided fuel gas flow channel for the unit cell; and an oxidant gas flow channel communicating with an oxidant gas inlet and an oxidant gas outlet and including a divided oxidant gas flow channel for the unit cell. The reforming zone is arranged in the fuel gas flow channel while the generating zone is arranged in contact with the fuel gas flow channel and the oxidant gas flow channel at a position downstream of the reforming zone while the fuel gas and oxidant gas are maintained separated from each other.