Abstract: A liquid crystal device is formed by applying an alignment film comprising a polyimide which contains a structural unit represented by the following formula (I): ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 denotes a tetravalent organic residue group, R.sub.2 denotes a divalent organic residue group, X denotes --NHR.sub.3 or --OH, R.sub.3 denotes an alkyl group having 5-20 carbon atoms, Y denotes --NHR.sub.4 or --OH, and R.sub.4 denotes an alkyl group having 5-20 carbon atoms with the proviso that both X and Y cannot be --OH and the --OH in X or Y can be removed by further cyclization. The liquid crystal device thus formed shows a high contrast display, particularly by multiplexing drive, free from after-image because of quick responsiveness.

Abstract: In a successive rubbing treatment for providing a large number of substrates each having an alignment control layer with a uniaxial alignment axis for aligning a liquid crystal, a plurality of substrates are rubbed alternately with one or the other side of pile yarn planted on a rubbing cloth wound about a roller. A liquid crystal is disposed between a pair of substrates which are selected from the plurality of substrates thus treated by rubbing. By this process, a larger number of substrates can be imparted with a uniaxial alignment control power without causing a lowering in the alignment control power.