Abstract: An electrophotographic member comprises a base member and an elastic layer on the base member. The elastic layer contains a silicone rubber, an ionic electroconductive agent, and an inorganic particle, and the inorganic particle contains a hydroxide of at least one of magnesium or aluminum, and has a silicon atom on a surface thereof in an amount of 0.50 to 2.00 atomic %. An aqueous dispersion of which 5 mg of the inorganic particle is dispersed in 10 ml of water has a turbidity of 200 NTU or more and 1,240 NTU or less.

Abstract: An electrophotographic member has a base layer, an elastic layer, and a surface layer on the elastic layer, in this order in a thickness direction, wherein the surface layer includes a urethane resin, a perfluoropolyether compound including a specific repeating structure, and a polyol compound having a specific structure.

Abstract: An electrophotographic member has a base layer, an elastic layer, and a surface layer on the elastic layer, in this order in a thickness direction, wherein the surface layer includes a urethane resin, a perfluoropolyether compound including a specific repeating structure, and a polyol compound having a specific structure.

Abstract: An electrophotographic member comprises a base member and an elastic layer on the base member. The elastic layer contains a silicone rubber, an ionic electroconductive agent, and an inorganic particle, and the inorganic particle contains a hydroxide of at least one of magnesium or aluminum, and has a silicon atom on a surface thereof in an amount of 0.50 to 2.00 atomic %. An aqueous dispersion of which 5 mg of the inorganic particle is dispersed in 10 ml of water has a turbidity of 200 NTU or more and 1,200 NTU or less.

Abstract: An intermediary transfer belt includes a base layer; an elastic layer laminated on or above the base layer and formed with a silicone rubber as an elastic member; an intermediary layer laminated on or above the elastic layer; and a surface layer laminated on or above the intermediary layer. The elastic layer is 60 degrees or less in JIS-A hardness and is 5 degrees or more in JIS-E hardness. The intermediary layer is 0.1 g/m2·24 h or more and 600 g/m2·24 h or less in water vapor permeability coefficient and is 1 ?m or more and 15 ?m or less in average thickness.

Abstract: An intermediary transfer belt includes a base layer; an elastic layer laminated on or above the base layer and formed with a silicone rubber as an elastic member; an intermediary layer laminated on or above the elastic layer; and a surface layer laminated on or above the intermediary layer. The elastic layer is 60 degrees or less in JIS-A hardness and is 5 degrees or more in JIS-E hardness. The intermediary layer is 0.1 g/m2·24 h or more and 600 g/m2·24 h or less in water vapor permeability coefficient and is 1 ?m or more and 15 ?m or less in average thickness.

Abstract: Provided is a curable silicone rubber mixture providing a cured silicone rubber having a small change in volume resistivity, even when a high voltage is applied for a long period of time. The curable silicone rubber mixture includes: a curable silicone rubber, a cation, an anion and metal oxide particles, the cation including a first cation having one or more carbon-carbon double bonds in a molecular thereof, the metal oxide particles having surfaces whose hydrophilization rate is 0.50 or more.

Abstract: To provide an electrophotographic member high in volume resistivity uniformity even in application of a high voltage such as 1,000 V. The electrophotographic member includes a base material and an elastic layer on the base material, the elastic layer containing a silicone rubber and an ionic liquid, and the ionic liquid including a cation modified by a dimethylsiloxane chain, and an anion.

Abstract: To provide an electrophotographic member high in volume resistivity uniformity even in application of a high voltage such as 1,000 V. The electrophotographic member includes a base material and an elastic layer on the base material, the elastic layer containing a silicone rubber and an ionic liquid, and the ionic liquid including a cation modified by a dimethylsiloxane chain, and an anion.

Abstract: An electrophotographic member which has resistance to discharge degradation and can maintain the toner releasability for a long period is provided. The electrophotographic member includes a substrate and a surface layer. The surface layer includes a binder resin having an acrylic skeleton and a modified silicone compound having a polyether group and a hydroxyl group in a molecule, the surface layer having a surface having a n-hexadecane contact angle of 30° or more.

Abstract: Provided a transfer member for electrophotography of a multilayer structure including a surface layer having a surface for carrying toner is provided. The surface layer contains a graft type copolymer comprising a polymer having a structure represented by formula (1) as a main chain, and a group containing a structure represented by formula (2) and a group containing a structure represented by formula (3) each bonded to the main chain as a side chain.

Abstract: Provided is a transfer member for electrophotography, comprising a substrate and a surface layer on the substrate, wherein the surface layer comprises: an acrylic resin having a hydroxyl group; and a fluorine compound, the fluorine compound having an alkyl group including 1 to 8 carbon atoms, and a fluorine atom substituting at least one hydrogen atom in the alkyl group, and comprising a constitutional unit represented by the following formula (1).

Abstract: The intermediate transfer member is an intermediate transfer member for electrophotography, including a surface layer having a surface for carrying toner, in which: the surface layer contains a fluorine-modified curable resin having one of an acryloyl group and a methacryloyl group, and electro-conductive inorganic particles; and the surface layer has a ratio of the number of atoms of an element derived from the electro-conductive inorganic particles to the total number of atoms to be detected through analysis of the surface by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy of 2.5 atomic % or more and 10 atomic % or less, and a peak detected at a position corresponding to a mass-to-charge ratio [m/z] of one of m/z=71 and m/z=85 in analysis of the surface by time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry.

Abstract: An electrophotographic member includes a substrate and a surface layer, wherein the surface layer contains a binder resin having an acrylic skeleton and a modified silicone compound having a polyether group and a hydroxyl group. The surface of the electrophotographic member has a surface hardness measured by a nano-indentation method of 0.30 GPa or more and 0.50 GPa or less. The surface has contact angles with n-hexadecane of ?1 and ?2, with ?2 being a contact angle of the surface that has been subjected to an accelerated discharge test and left for 24 hours, and ?1 being a contact angle of the surface without the accelerated discharge test, where ?1 is 30.0° or more and 40.0° or less. A percent change in the contact angle defined by the following calculation formula (1) is 10% or less percent change(%)=(|?1??2|/?1)×100??Calculation formula (1).

Abstract: Provided is a transfer member for electrophotography, comprising a substrate and a surface layer on the substrate, wherein the surface layer comprises: an acrylic resin having a hydroxyl group; and a fluorine compound, the fluorine compound having an alkyl group including 1 to 8 carbon atoms, and a fluorine atom substituting at least one hydrogen atom in the alkyl group, and comprising a constitutional unit represented by the following formula (1).

Abstract: Provided a transfer member for electrophotography of a multilayer structure including a surface layer having a surface for carrying toner is provided. The surface layer contains a graft type copolymer comprising a polymer having a structure represented by formula (1) as a main chain, and a group containing a structure represented by formula (2) and a group containing a structure represented by formula (3) each bonded to the main chain as a side chain.

Abstract: An electrophotographic member which has resistance to discharge degradation and can maintain the toner releasability for a long period is provided. The electrophotographic member includes a substrate and a surface layer. The surface layer includes a binder resin having an acrylic skeleton and a modified silicone compound having a polyether group and a hydroxyl group in a molecule, the surface layer having a surface having a n-hexadecane contact angle of 30° or more.

Abstract: The intermediate transfer member is an intermediate transfer member for electrophotography, including a surface layer having a surface for carrying toner, in which: the surface layer contains a fluorine-modified curable resin having one of an acryloyl group and a methacryloyl group, and electro-conductive inorganic particles; and the surface layer has a ratio of the number of atoms of an element derived from the electro-conductive inorganic particles to the total number of atoms to be detected through analysis of the surface by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy of 2.5 atomic % or more and 10 atomic % or less, and a peak detected at a position corresponding to a mass-to-charge ratio [m/z] of one of m/z=71 and m/z=85 in analysis of the surface by time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry.