Abstract: A ceramic substrate has a five-layered thin metallic film thereon. The first layer is Ti, Zr, Cr and/or W; the second layer is Ni and/or Mo; the third layer is one or more metals of group Ib in the periodic table; the fourth layer contains the same metals as the second layer and the fifth layer contains the same metals as the third layer.

Abstract: A laser resonator allows internal optical mirrors to be cleaned easily and minimizes any contamination of the internal optical mirrors. The laser resonator has normally closed cleaning windows disposed immediately in front of output, rear, and folding mirrors for inserting a cleaning instrument therethrough for cleaning these mirrors. A gas inlet discharge tube holder has a discharge tube coupling which interconnects the spaces in parallel discharge tubes for transmitting a laser beam therethrough. The gas inlet discharge tube holder also has a gas flow bypass for bypassing a laser gas that circulates through the discharge tubes. The internal optical mirrors can be cleaned easily with a cleaning instrument inserted through the cleaning windows. As the internal optical mirrors do not need to be removed for cleaning, they and an external optical system are not required to be readjusted for alignment of their optical axes.

Abstract: There is provided a turbo blower for lasers which is capable of effectively cooling a shaft and bearings thereof. Oil held in a shaft support member is drawn up via an oil inlet port by a centrifugal force generated by rotation of the shaft, and passes through a cooling oil passage extending through the shaft to be discharged from an oil outlet port provided below an upper one of rolling bearings as the bearings. The oil discharged from the outlet port returns via an oil return passage to an oil sump. While passing through the oil return passage, the oil is cooled by a coolant circulating through an coolant passage. Further, part of the oil discharged from the oil outlet port is supplied to the upper one of the bearings for lubrication. On the other hand, part of the oil held within the shaft support member is drawn up along a tapered portion of an oil suction head by the centrifugal force generated by rotation of the oil suction head for lubrication of a corresponding one of the rolling bearings.

Abstract: A laser beam machine for carrying out a machining operation by converging a laser beam emitted from a laser resonator and irradiating the converged laser beam onto a workpiece. A beam interceptor (21) is arranged across a light path extending from a total reflection mirror (2) of the laser resonator (1) to a surface of the workpiece (5) and has a small inertia, and the position thereof is controlled at a high speed to permit the passage of the laser beam and to intercept the laser beam. The beam interceptor (21) is controlled in such a manner that the laser beam is allowed to pass during a full-scale discharge and is intercepted during a seed discharge. Accordingly, even if a seed discharge exists while a high-reflectivity material, for example, is machined, a laser oscillation of a composite resonator including the workpiece (5) can be reliably prevented.

Abstract: A color separation optical system includes a set of prisms which separate incident light into components having different wavelengths. Image pickup devices may be exposed to the separated light components. An arrangement prevents or reduces the influence of a temperature variation upon color separation characteristics. The color separation optical system may be manufactured in a new way.

Abstract: A pneumatic tire includes a belt layer, a tread arranged radially outwardly of the belt layer, and reinforcing layers arranged between the tread and the belt layer at both ends of its width directions, respectively. Each of the reinforcing layers consists of a belt-like member having a plurality of cords in parallel with each other embedded therein. The belt-like member is spirally wound about the both ends of the belt layer from inside to outside of a width direction of the belt layer. A terminal portion of the belt-like member is bent inwardly in the width direction of the belt layer to overlap at least one of cords of the terminal portion and at least one of cords of the belt-like member adjacent thereto, thereby preventing the terminal portions of the belt-like members from being dislodged from the tread and deformed and cords of the terminal portions from separating from the tread even after being used for a long period of time.

Abstract: An ultrasonic probe which scans an ultrasonic beam in a sector area by a mechanical drive is disclosed. The ultrasonic probe essentially has a driving motor, a rotary shaft rotatably supported in a direction perpendicular to the direction of the driving shaft of the driving motor, a rotor shaft rotatably supported in a direction parallel to the direction of the rotary shaft, a rotor mounted on the rotor shaft for carrying ultrasonic transducers, screw gears for transmitting rotation of the motor to the rotary shaft, and a transmitting device for transmitting rotation of the rotary shaft to the rotor.

Abstract: A color separation optical system includes a set of prisms which separate incident light into components having different wavelengths. Image pickup devices may be exposed to the separated light components. An arrangement prevents or reduces the influence of a temperature variation upon color separation characteristics. The color separation optical system maybe manufactured in a new way.

Abstract: In a four-valve engine having a pair of intake ports and a pair of exhaust ports, the hole for inserting the spark plug or the fuel injection nozzle is obliquely formed between the exhaust ports so that one end of the hole opens in the lower surface of the cylinder head at the center of the combustion chamber and the other end of the hole opens between the spring seat portions for the exhaust valve springs and the opening of the exhaust ports in the side face of the cylinder head.

Abstract: A variable valve mechanism for an engine including a first rocker arm engaged at one end with the valve tappet and at the other end with a low speed profile cam, and a second rocker arm engaged with a high speed profile cam. A locking device is provided on the second rocker arm to releasably lock the second rocker arm on the first rocker arm under a high speed engine operation.

Abstract: Disclosed is an apparatus for wrapping paper on a cylindrical drum for use in a recording or reading system. The apparatus includes a roller for pressing the paper wrapped on the cylindrical drum. The roller is disposed in the vicinity of the cylindrical drum and in parallel to the axis of the cylindrical drum and is supported by a pair of roller-supporting plates disposed facing each other. Also included is a connecting rod disposed in parallel to the roller. The connecting rod penetrates a through-hole made in a substantial center portion of each of the roller-supporting plates and is supported by a pair of rod-supporting plates disposed outwardly with respect to the pair of roller-supporting plates. A lever is mounted on an end of at least one of the roller-supporting plates, which end is opposite to the other end where the roller is supported, so that the roller is rotatable about the axis of the connecting rod with the operation of the lever.

Abstract: A variable valve mechanism for an internal combustion engine including a central cam of a smaller lift and a pair of side cams located at the opposite sides of the central cam symmetrically with each other with respect to the central cam. A rocker arm device includes a pair of side arm sections engaged respectively with the side cams and a central arm between the side arm sections. The central arm is engaged at one end with the engine valve and at the other end with the central cam. A connecting device is provided for connecting the side arm sections with the central arm under a high speed.

Abstract: In a laser resonator having a gas-introducing portion at one end of a laser tube, where the gas introducing portion comprises an inner tube communicating with the laser tube and an outer tube covering the inner tube. The inner tube has a plurality of circumferentially spaced apart flow passages so that a gas mixture fed from a gas source to an annular chamber defined between the inner surface of the outer tube and the outer surface of the inner tube, is led into the inside of the inner tube via the flow passages. As a result, turbulence occurs within the inner tube so that radial distribution of gas flow speed in the laser tube is made uniform, thereby increasing the maximum output and stability. The flow passages may be slits, oval or circular openings, triangular openings or the like.

Abstract: In an internal combustion engine having a pair of intake valves, the valve driving system for timing the intake valves is provided with a valve timing changing mechanism for changing the timing of at least one of the intake valves. The valve timing changing mechanism retards or advances the timing of said one intake valve to change the total intake valve opening time, i.e., the time that at least one of the intake valves is open, according to the operating condition of the engine.

Abstract: In a mechanically scanned ultrasonic probe, an ultrasonic transducer is swingably mounted on a drive shaft which is given a swinging transversal movement and a reciprocating longitudinal movement. The transducer emits an acoustic beam which is steered in a raster format in response to the swing and reciprocating motions. Echos returning from objects contain diagnostic data of a three-dimensional space. All the components are encased in a toothbrush-like housing having a head portion, an intermediate portion and a hand-grip portion. The dual motions are provided by a drive mechanism accommodated in the hand-grip portion and the transducer is accommodated in the head portion. The drive shaft extends through the intermediate portion.

Abstract: A carbon dioxide laser oscillator comprises a discharge tube, total reflecting mirrors and partially reflecting mirrors arranged at opposite ends of the discharge tube, a pair of electrodes for causing electrical discharge to occur in the discharge tube and means for flowing laser gas through the discharge tube so that the gas flows at a rate that satisfies the condition in which the Reynolds number is equal to or smaller than 1.times.10.sup.4.

Abstract: In an internal combustion engine, the movement of the cam on the camshaft is transmitted to each valve of each cylinder by way of a tappet member. The tappet member is held in a swinging member which can be swung about the camshaft. The swinging member is swung about the camshaft back and forth in the rotational direction of the camshaft by a control device according to the operating condition of the engine. When the swinging member is swung about the camshaft, the relative position of the tappet member to the cam at a given angular position of the camshaft is changed, whereby the valve timing of the valve associated with the tappet member is changed.

Abstract: A valve mechanism for an internal combustion engine has a valve and a cam on a camshaft for operating the valve. A swingable member is provided for swinging movement about the camshaft and has a tappet receiving hole. A tappet slidably received in the hole is driven by the cam and in turn drives the valve. The valve timing can be changed by swingably moving the swingable member. A control device is provided for holding the swingable member at a position wherein the direction of movement of the tappet is aligned with the direction of movement of the valve under a heavy load, high speed engine operation and moving the swingable member to another position wherein the direction of movement of the tappet is inclined with respect to the direction of movement of the valve under a light load, low speed operation to change the valve timing.

Abstract: An engine valve mechanism including a rocker arm mechanism having a cam actuated arm which is swingable actuated by a cam and a valve actuating arm which functions to open to the engine valve when it is swingably moved. A plunger is provided on one of the arms for an axial movement and extends toward the other arm. A locking plate is movable between a locking position and retracted position. In the locking position, the locking plate locks the plunger against the axial movement so that the swinging movement of the cam actuated arm is transmitted through the plunger to the valve actuating arm to thereby make it possible to actuate the valve in response to a rotation of the cam. In the retracted position, the locking plate releases the plunger so that the swinging movement of the cam actuated arm is not transmitted to the valve actuating arm.

Abstract: A dual induction type intake system for an internal combustion engine has a primary intake passageway for light load operation of the engine and a secondary intake passageway for heavy load operation of the engine. The downstream side open end of each intake passageway opens toward the intake port of the cylinder of the engine. The secondary intake passageway is provided with a controllable valve therein. The load on the engine is detected and the controllable valve is opened when the load on the engine is heavier than a predetermined value so that the intake gas is introduced into the combustion chamber through both the primary and secondary intake passageways, while otherwise the controllable valve is closed so that the intake gas is introduced into the combustion chamber only through the primary intake passageway.