Abstract: Provided is a measuring method for a biological substance, a measuring chip, and a measuring device which exhibit improved electrical responsiveness and reliability. For example, the device or chip provided for measuring the amount of a biological substance in a liquid being measured comprises immobilized antibodies, a substance that is labeled with an ion-conductive compound and that is bonded to the antibodies, and an electrode containing a working electrode and a counter electrode, and the working electrode has a thin film on the surface thereof that contains a hydrocarbon group.

Abstract: A cleaning method includes a first operation step of allowing a mist of a first cleaning fluid atomized in the order of microns to permeate into and remain in a food debris stuck on a to-be-cleaned item for a predetermined period of time; and a second operation step of removing the food debris on the to-be-cleaned item by using a second cleaning fluid. The second operation step is to be performed after the first operation step.

Abstract: A cleaning method includes a first operation step of allowing a mist of a first cleaning fluid atomized in the order of microns to permeate into and remain in a food debris stuck on a to-be-cleaned item for a predetermined period of time; and a second operation step of removing the food debris on the to-be-cleaned item by using a second cleaning fluid. The second operation step is to be performed after the first operation step.

Abstract: A methane fermentation process wherein a strain of the genus Methanobacterium is cultivated in a fermenter containing at least a carbon source, a nitrogen source, inorganic salts and micro-flora for methane fermentation. The strain has a methanogenic activity above 8.7.times.10.sup.-8 ml/cell.day in the stationary phase of growth, exhibits the methanogenic activity even at an oxygen partial pressure of 1/30 atm. and is allowed to live under an oxygen partial pressure up to 1/5 atm. The seed of the strain is obtained by anaerobically cultivating the strain in a culture medium containing at least nitrogen sources, inorganic salts and reducing agents in a mesophilic range of 25.degree. to 45.degree. C. using a substrate such as a mixed gas of hydrogen and carbon dioxide, a formate or an acetate. The growth of the strain is facilitated when cocultured with a strain belonging to the genus Clostridium.