Abstract: An optical filter includes a substrate and a dielectric multilayer film laid as an outermost layer on at least one major surface of the substrate. The dielectric multilayer film includes a low-refractive index film and a high-refractive index film provided alternately. At least one film selected from the group consisting of the low-refractive index film and the high-refractive index film satisfies the following optical characteristics (i-1) and (i-2A): (i-1) an extinction coefficient k600 at a wavelength of 600 nm is 0.12 or larger; and (i-2A) a minimum extinction coefficient k1530-1570MIN in a wavelength range of 1530 to 1570 nm is 0.01 or smaller; and the optical filter satisfies the following optical characteristic (ii-1A): (ii-1A) light in a wavelength range of 400 to 680 nm is blocked and light in the wavelength range of 1530 to 1570 nm is transmitted.

Abstract: A laminated body includes a transparent substrate having a laminated film. The laminated film includes a dielectric layer containing silicon nitride, a barrier layer composed of a single film or two or more films, and a metal layer containing silver. The barrier layer has a thickness of from 0.1 nm to 10 nm. Each film of the barrier layer includes a material having a crystal structure of a face-centered cubic structure with a lattice constant of from 3.5 to 4.2, a hexagonal close-packed structure with a lattice constant of from 2.6 to 3.3, a body-centered cubic structure with a lattice constant of from 2.9 to 3.2, or a tetragonal crystal with a lattice constant of from 2.9 to 4.4. The metal layer has a thickness of from 7 nm to 25 nm. An orientation index P of the metal layer falls within a range from 4.5 to 20.

Abstract: To provide a cathode active material for a lithium ion secondary battery excellent in the cycle characteristics and rate characteristics even when charging is conducted at a high voltage. A cathode active material for a lithium ion secondary battery, which comprises particles (III) having a covering layer comprising a metal oxide (I) containing at least one metal element selected from the group consisting of elements in Groups 3 and 13 of the periodic table and lanthanoid elements, and a compound (II) containing Li and P, on the surface of a lithium-containing composite oxide comprising lithium and a transition metal element, wherein the atomic ratio of said P to said metal element (P/metal element) contained within 5 nm of the surface layer of the particles (III) is from 0.03 to 0.45.

Abstract: To provide a cathode active material for a lithium ion secondary battery excellent in the cycle characteristics and rate characteristics even when charging is conducted at a high voltage. A cathode active material for a lithium ion secondary battery, which comprises particles (III) having a covering layer comprising a metal oxide (I) containing at least one metal element selected from the group consisting of elements in Groups 3 and 13 of the periodic table and lanthanoid elements, and a compound (II) containing Li and P, on the surface of a lithium-containing composite oxide comprising lithium and a transition metal element, wherein the atomic ratio of said P to said metal element (P/metal element) contained within 5 nm of the surface layer of the particles (III) is from 0.03 to 0.45.

Abstract: To provide a cathode active material for a lithium ion secondary battery excellent in the cycle characteristics and rate characteristics even when charging is conducted at a high voltage. A cathode active material for a lithium ion secondary battery, which comprises particles (III) having a covering layer comprising a metal oxide (I) containing at least one metal element selected from the group consisting of elements in Groups 3 and 13 of the periodic table and lanthanoid elements, and a compound (II) containing Li and P, on the surface of a lithium-containing composite oxide comprising lithium and a transition metal element, wherein the atomic ratio of said P to said metal element (P/metal element) contained within 5 nm of the surface layer of the particles (III) is from 0.03 to 0.45.

Abstract: To provide a cathode active material for a lithium ion secondary battery excellent in the cycle characteristics and rate characteristics even when charging is conducted at a high voltage. A cathode active material for a lithium ion secondary battery, which comprises particles (III) having a covering layer comprising a metal oxide (I) containing at least one metal element selected from the group consisting of Al, Y, Ga, In, La, Pr, Nd, Gd, Dy, Er and Yb, and a compound (II) containing Li and at least one non-metal element selected from the group consisting of S and B, on the surface of a lithium-containing composite oxide, wherein the atomic ratio (the non-metal element/the metal element) contained within 5 nm of the surface layer of the particles (III) is within a specific range.

Abstract: To provide a cathode active material for a lithium ion secondary battery excellent in the cycle characteristics and rate characteristics even when charging is conducted at a high voltage. A cathode active material for a lithium ion secondary battery, which comprises particles (III) having a covering layer comprising a metal oxide (I) containing at least one metal element selected from the group consisting of elements in Groups 3 and 13 of the periodic table and lanthanoid elements, and a compound (II) containing Li and P, on the surface of a lithium-containing composite oxide comprising lithium and a transition metal element, wherein the atomic ratio of said P to said metal element (P/metal element) contained within 5 nm of the surface layer of the particles (III) is from 0.03 to 0.45.

Abstract: To provide a cathode active material for a lithium ion secondary battery excellent in the cycle characteristics and rate characteristics even when charging is conducted at a high voltage. A cathode active material for a lithium ion secondary battery, which comprises particles (III) having a covering layer comprising a metal oxide (I) containing at least one metal element selected from the group consisting of Al, Y, Ga, In, La, Pr, Nd, Gd, Dy, Er and Yb, and a compound (II) containing Li and at least one non-metal element selected from the group consisting of S and B, on the surface of a lithium-containing composite oxide, wherein the atomic ratio (the non-metal element/the metal element) contained within 5 nm of the surface layer of the particles (III) is within a specific range.

Abstract: It is to provide a silica glass containing TiO2, having a wide temperature range wherein the coefficient of thermal expansion is substantially zero. A silica glass containing TiO2, which has a TiO2 concentration of from 3 to 10 mass %, a OH group concentration of at most 600 mass ppm and a Ti3+ concentration of at most 70 mass ppm, characterized by having a fictive temperature of at most 1,200° C., a coefficient of thermal expansion from 0 to 100° C. of 0±150 ppb/° C., and an internal transmittance T400-700 per 1 mm thickness in a wavelength range of from 400 to 700 nm of at least 80%. A process for producing a silica glass containing TiO2, which comprises porous glass body formation step, F-doping step, oxygen treatment step, densification step and vitrification step.

Abstract: It is to provide a silica glass containing TiO2, having a wide temperature range wherein the coefficient of thermal expansion is substantially zero. A silica glass containing TiO2, which has a TiO2 concentration of from 3 to 10 mass %, a OH group concentration of at most 600 mass ppm and a Ti3+ concentration of at most 70 mass ppm, characterized by having a fictive temperature of at most 1,200° C., a coefficient of thermal expansion from 0 to 100° C. of 0±150 ppb/° C., and an internal transmittance T400-700 per 1 mm thickness in a wavelength range of from 400 to 700 nm of at least 80%. A process for producing a silica glass containing TiO2, which comprises porous glass body formation step, F-doping step, oxygen treatment step, densification step and vitrification step.

Abstract: An electrode for an electric double layer capacitor, which is a sheet electrode comprising a carbonaceous material and a polytetrafluoroethylene and having a K value_which is calculated by formula 1 from X-ray diffraction peak intensities measured by means of CuK&agr;-radiation of at most 20: K=IPTFE/(ICARBON×(CPTFE/CCARBON)) where IPTFE is the X-ray diffraction peak intensity of the polytetrafluoroethylene in the vicinity of 2&thgr;=18°, ICARBON is the X-ray diffraction peak intensity of the carbonaceous material in the vicinity of 2&thgr;=43°, CPTFE is the concentration by weight of the polytetrafluoroethylene in the electrode, and CCARBON is the concentration by weight of the carbonaceous material in the electrode.

Abstract: A method for removing a thin film, which comprises applying a powder or solution of a salt to a thin film formed on a substrate, followed by heating to remove the thin film at the applied portion, wherein as the salt, a salt having some or all of hydrogen ions of an acid substituted by ammonium ions or alkali metal ions, is used.

Abstract: The present invention provides a new process for recording an image by using the above mentioned phenomenon. The process comprises (i) inserting an anisotropic molecular oriented film between two polarizing film of which polarization directions are parallel or perpendicular to each other, so that the anisotropy of said anisotropic molecular oriented film forms an angle of 45.degree. to the polarization directions of said polarizing film, and (ii) completely or incompletely degrading the anisotropy of an image portion in said anisotropic molecular oriented film.

Abstract: Disclosed is a photopolymerizable composition which is very sensitive to visible light. The composition comprises a polymerizable compound and a photopolymerization initiator wherein the photopolymerization initiator comprises (A) a particular xanthene, coumarin or merocianine dyestuff, (B) a diaryliodonium salt and (C) a compound having the formula; R(n)--D--CH.sub.

Abstract: Disclosed is a photopolymerizable composition which is very sensitive to light, especially visible light having a wave length of 600 to 700 nm. The photopolymerizable composition comprising a polymerizable compound having an ethylenically unsaturated double bond and a photopolymerization initiator wherein the photopolymerization initiator comprises (a) a specific sensitizer and (b) a radical forming agent.

Abstract: Disclosed is a photopolymerizable composition which is very sensitive to visible light. The composition comprises a polymerizable compound and a photopolymerization initiator wherein the photopolymerization initiator comprises (A) a particular xanthene, coumarin or merocianine dyestuff, (B) a diaryliodonium salt and (C) a compound having the formula;R(n)--D--CH.sub.

Abstract: Disclosed is a photopolymerizable composition which is very sensitive to visible light. The composition comprises a polymerizable compound and a photopolymerization initiator wherein the photopolymerization initiator comprises (a) a particular xanthene or thioxanthene dyestuff, (b) a photosensitizer selected from the group consisting of N-phenylglycine, 2,4,6-tris(trichloromethyl)-1,3,5-triazine, and a mixture of p-dimethylaminobenzoic acid isopentyl ester and 2,4-diisopropylthioxanthone, and (c) a peroxide.

Abstract: A photo-sensitive composition for dry formation of image comprising a dyestuff having a photo-fading property, a ketonic sensitizing agent and a high molecular polymer as a binding agent, which can provide a visible image by the irradiation of light and maintain the image without any fixing treatment.

Abstract: A method of production of photopolymer printing plates particularly characterized in the transfer procedure. In the method, an electrostatic latent image of original material is produced on a photoconductive medium, the image is developed by application of toner particles, and the toner image is transferred onto photopolymer printing plates having photosensitive resin layer or containing polymerizable monomer through linear pressure of line contact. The toner image thus transferred is then exposed to light without being fixed, plate portions defined by the toner image being subsequently removed together with the toner particles.

Abstract: Duplicate thermoplastic plates are composed of a composition comprising a 1,2-polybutadiene having a crystallinity of about 10-30% and an intrinsic viscosity of greater than about 0.7. Matrices against which the duplicate thermoplastic plates are molded are formed of material containing said 1,2-PBD and a photoinitiator or a thermo-curable catalyst. The duplicate thermoplastic plates and matrices can give a high duration and reproducibility from an original pattern bearing design or image in relief, and they are molded with ease and in a great amount without difficulty. The use of the thermoplastic plates or matrices can provide a good releasability from the matrix against which the said plates are molded and from the original pattern against which the matrices are formed.