Abstract: A light-emitting substrate includes a substrate, a plurality of light-emitting members arranged on the substrate in a matrix pattern, a partition arranged between respective adjacent ones of the plurality of light-emitting members and projecting relative to a surface of the substrate to a position higher than the light-emitting members, a plurality of conductors each covering at least one of the light-emitting members and arranged in a matrix pattern in a mutually spaced relation, and a resistor electrically interconnecting the plurality of conductors. The resistor has a column stripe portion extending in a column direction, and the column stripe portion is positioned on the partition.

Abstract: An image formation apparatus comprising a rear plate on which a plurality of wires for connecting electron emission devices are placed; a faceplate arranged in parallel to the rear plate in a frame, on which an image formation material for forming images by radiation of electrons emitted from the electron emission devices is placed; spacers placed between the rear plate and the faceplate and placed on the wires of the rear plate; and getters provided on the wires on which a spacer is not placed but not provided on the wires on which the spacer is placed.

Abstract: A light-emitting substrate includes a substrate, a plurality of light-emitting members arranged on the substrate in a matrix pattern, a partition arranged between respective adjacent ones of the plurality of light-emitting members and projecting relative to a surface of the substrate to a position higher than the light-emitting members, a plurality of conductors each covering at least one of the light-emitting members and arranged in a matrix pattern in a mutually spaced relation, and a resistor electrically interconnecting the plurality of conductors. The resistor has a column stripe portion extending in a column direction, and the column stripe portion is positioned on the partition.

Abstract: An image formation apparatus is disclosed which includes, within an enclosure configured by a pair of substrates placed face to face and an external frame placed between the substrates, an electron source placed on one of the pair of substrates, an image formation material placed on the other substrate, and spacers placed between the substrates, characterized in that the spacers and the external frame is conductive and device is provided for electrically connecting the spacers and the external frame so that the equipotential surfaces between the spacers and the external frame are quasi-parallel when driven.

Abstract: An image formation apparatus is disclosed which includes, within an enclosure configured by a pair of substrates placed face to face and an external frame placed between the substrates, an electron source placed on one of the pair of substrates, an image formation material placed on the other substrate, and spacers placed between the substrates, characterized in that the spacers and the external frame is conductive and device is provided for electrically connecting the spacers and the external frame so that the equipotential surfaces between the spacers and the external frame are quasi-parallel when driven.

Abstract: An image formation apparatus is disclosed which includes, within an enclosure configured by a pair of substrates placed face to face and an external frame placed between the substrates, an electron source placed on one of the pair of substrates, an image formation material placed on the other substrate, and spacers placed between the substrates, characterized in that the spacers and the external frame is conductive and device is provided for electrically connecting the spacers and the external frame so that the equipotential surfaces between the spacers and the external frame are quasi-parallel when driven.

Abstract: An image formation apparatus is disclosed which includes, within an enclosure configured by a pair of substrates placed face to face and an external frame placed between the substrates, an electron source placed on one of the pair of substrates, an image formation material placed on the other substrate, and spacers placed between the substrates, characterized in that the spacers and the external frame is conductive and device is provided for electrically connecting the spacers and the external frame so that the equipotential surfaces between the spacers and the external frame are quasi-parallel when driven.

Abstract: An image formation apparatus is disclosed which includes, within an enclosure configured by a pair of substrates placed face to face and an external frame placed between the substrates, an electron source placed on one of the pair of substrates, an image formation material placed on the other substrate, and spacers placed between the substrates, characterized in that the spacers and the external frame is conductive and device is provided for electrically connecting the spacers and the external frame so that the equipotential surfaces between the spacers and the external frame are quasi-parallel when driven.

Abstract: An image formation apparatus is disclosed which includes, within an enclosure configured by a pair of substrates placed face to face and an external frame placed between the substrates, an electron source placed on one of the pair of substrates, an image formation material placed on the other substrate, and spacers placed between the substrates, characterized in that the spacers and the external frame is conductive and device is provided for electrically connecting the spacers and the external frame so that the equipotential surfaces between the spacers and the external frame are quasi-parallel when driven.

Abstract: An image-forming apparatus includes an image-forming device in an envelope. The image-forming device includes a member (e.g., a thin film electrode) which is carried on the inner surface of the envelope and is adapted to application of electron-accelerating voltage Va. The member-carrying part, such as a transparent face plate, of the envelope also includes on its outer surface a structure for applying a voltage substantially equal to the voltage Va (e.g., an electroconductive layer connected to the thin-film electrode by way of a certain resistance). The electric field across the part is significantly reduced to thereby prevent migration of sodium ions contained in the part, which can be made of soda lime glass.

Abstract: An image-forming apparatus comprises an image-forming means in an envelope. The image-forming means includes a member (e.g. thin film electrode) which is carried on the inner surface of the envelope and is adapted to application of electron-accelerating voltage Va. The member-carrying part (usu. transparent face plate) of the envelope also carries on its outer surface a means for applying a voltage substantially equal to the voltage Va (e.g. electroconductive layer connected to the thin-film electrode by way of a certain resistance). The electric field across the part is significantly reduced to thereby prevent migration of sodium ions contained in the part (usu. made of soda lime glass).

Abstract: An image-forming apparatus includes an image-forming device in an envelope. The image-forming device includes a member (e.g. thin film electrode) which is carried on the inner surface of the envelope and is adapted to application of electron-accelerating voltage Va. The member-carrying part, such as a transparent face plate) of the envelope also includes on its outer surface a structure for applying a voltage substantially equal to the voltage Va (e.g. electroconductive layer connected to the thin-film electrode by way of a certain resistance). The electric field across the part is significantly reduced to thereby prevent migration of sodium ions contained in the part, which can be made of soda lime glass.

Abstract: In order to cause a multi-electron source having electron emitters wired in the form of a matrix to emit electrons without any variations, there is provided an electron generating device including a multi-electron source (601) having a plurality of electron emitters (1002) wired in the form of a matrix through a plurality of data wiring layers (1004) and a plurality of scanning wiring layers (1003), and a driving circuit for driving the multi-electron source (601), the driving circuit including a first driving means (603) for applying a first voltage (Vs) to a scanning wiring layer to which an electron emitter which is to emit electrons is connected, and applying a second voltage (Vns) to a scanning wiring layer to which an electron emitter which is not to emit electrons is connected, and a second driving means (602) for applying a third voltage (Ve) to a data wiring layer to which an electron emitter which is to emit electrons is connected, and applying a fourth voltage (Vg) to a data wiring layer to which a

Abstract: An image-forming apparatus comprises an image-forming means in an envelope. The image-forming means includes a member (e.g. thin film electrode) which is carried on the inner surface of the envelope and is adapted to application of electron-accelerating voltage Va. The member-carrying part (usu. transparent face plate) of the envelope also carries on its outer surface a means for applying a voltage substantially equal to the voltage Va (e.g. electroconductive layer connected to the thin-film electrode by way of a certain resistance). The electric field across the part is significantly reduced to thereby prevent migration of sodium ions contained in the part (usu. made of soda lime glass).

Abstract: In order to prevent voltage drops across the wiring resistances in a multi-electron source having a plurality of electron emitters wired in the form of a matrix through a plurality of data wiring layers and a plurality of scanning wiring layers, a constant current signal is output to each data wiring layer. At this time, each non-selected data wiring layer tends to be set at a high impedance and vary in potential, resulting in an abnormal turn-on operation or an electron orbit shift. A driving circuit for solving this problem is provided. A switch for switching a constant current output unit for outputting a constant current regardless of the impedance of a signal output destination, and a constant voltage output unit for outputting a constant voltage regardless of the impedance of a signal output destination is connected to each data wiring layer. For example, a constant-current circuit (17) as a current output unit always outputs the same current (I1 to In) to a switch (30).

Abstract: This invention relates to an electron source and an image forming apparatus each of which particularly comprises a surface conduction type electron emitting element as an electron emitting element, a method of manufacturing an electron source and an image forming apparatus, in which the energization forming treatment step of the surface conduction type electron emitting element is performed by applying a voltage to an electron emitting portion formation thin film via a nonlinear element connected in series with the thin film and having nonlinear voltage/current characteristics, an electron source and an image forming apparatus in each of which the nonlinear element is connected in series with the surface conduction type electron emitting element, and a method of driving the same.

Abstract: In order to cause a multi-electron source having electron emitters wired in the form of a matrix to emit electrons without any variations, there is provided an electron generating device including a multi-electron source (601) having a plurality of electron emitters (1002) wired in the form of a matrix through a plurality of data wiring layers (1004) and a plurality of scanning wiring layers (1003), and a driving circuit for driving the multi-electron source (601), the driving circuit including a first driving means (603) for applying a first voltage (Vs) to a scanning wiring layer to which an electron emitter which is to emit electrons is connected, and applying a second voltage (Vns) to a scanning wiring layer to which an electron emitter which is not to emit electrons is connected, and a second driving means (602) for applying a third voltage (Ve) to a data wiring layer to which an electron emitter which is to emit electrons is connected, and applying a fourth voltage (Vg) to a data wiring layer to which a

Abstract: This invention relates to an electron source and an image forming apparatus each of which particularly comprises a surface conduction type electron emitting element as an electron emitting element, a method of manufacturing an electron source and an image forming apparatus, in which the energization forming treatment step of the surface conduction type electron emitting element is performed by applying a voltage to an electron emitting portion formation thin film via a nonlinear element connected in series with the thin film and having nonlinear voltage/current characteristics, an electron source and an image forming apparatus in each of which the nonlinear element is connected in series with the surface conduction type electron emitting element, and a method of driving the same.

Abstract: An electron beam generating apparatus for an electron beam source having surface conduction electron emitting devices formed on a substrate; includes a measuring unit for measuring a device current flowing through each of the surface conduction electron emitting devices, an a device current storage unit for storing data measured by the measuring unit. In addition comparing unit compares latest data measured by the measuring unit with the data stored in the device current storage unit, a correction value storage unit stores a correction value for correcting a driving signal to be applied to each surface conduction electron emitting device, and an adjusting unit adjusts the correction value stored in the correction value storage unit.

Abstract: An electron source emits electrons as a function of input signals. The electron source includes a substrate, a matrix of wires having m row wires and n column wires laid on the substrate with an insulator layer interposed therebetween, and a plurality of surface-conduction electron-emitting devices each having a pair of electrodes and a thin film including an electron emitting region and arranged between the electrodes. The electron-emitting devices are so arranged as to form a matrix with the electrodes connected to the respective row and column wires. The electron source further includes a selector for selecting a row of the plurality of surface-conduction electron-emitting devices, and a modulator for generating modulation signals according to input signals and applying them to the surface-conduction electron-emitting devices selected by the selector.