Abstract: Disclosed in the present invention is a preparation method for a flame retardant and an epoxy resin composite material. The preparation method for the flame retardant includes: performing silane modification on MXene; preparing a MXene dispersion; dissolving a certain amount of phosphorus-chlorine bond-rich modifier and acid scavenger in tetrahydrofuran, and adding the mixture into the MXene dispersion after complete dissolution; dissolving a certain amount of hexachlorocyclotriphosphazene and organic amine in tetrahydrofuran, and slowly adding dropwise into the mixed solution after dissolution; after completion of the reaction, filtering to obtain the product, washing the product with tetrahydrofuran and water, respectively, multiple times, and drying the product in a vacuum oven to obtain the flame retardant. The flame retardant prepared according to the present invention achieves superior flame retardancy at a lower loading content.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an early warning apparatus for thermal runaway of a lithium iron phosphate battery, and belongs to the technical field of batteries. The early warning apparatus includes an ultrasonic monitoring module, a stress monitoring module, and an upper computer. The early warning method includes: S1: collecting ultrasonic parameters and stress parameters of the lithium iron phosphate battery; S2: inputting historical data of the collected ultrasonic parameters and stress parameters to a Kalman filtering model to obtain optimal estimation at the time k; S3: computing a comprehensive evaluation parameter J; and S4: judging a warning level according to the comprehensive evaluation parameter. By using the early warning apparatus and method, the ultrasonic parameters can be coupled with the stress parameters so that automatic early warning for the thermal runaway of the lithium iron phosphate battery is achieved.

Abstract: A data transmission, by a terminal device, is described that improves data transmission efficiency while ensuring a transmission latency. The data transmission method includes sending a first transport block to a radio access device for X times by using a shared resource that is configured by the radio access device for at least one terminal, where the terminal is one of the at least one terminal, and X>0. The method further includes determining a dedicated resource allocated by the radio access device to the terminal, and sending the first transport block to the radio access device for Y times by using a target resource. The target resource includes the dedicated resource, and Y?0.

Abstract: Embodiments of this application provide a data processing method, a base station, and a terminal. A base station receive first data from a first terminal on a first resource, and receive second data from the first terminal and third data from a second terminal on a second resource, where a modulation order of the second data is lower than a modulation order of the first data, and/or a code rate of the second data is less than a code rate of the first data, and/or a transmit power of the second data is less than a transmit power of the first data. The base station demodulates and decodes the first data, the second data and the third data. Therefore, the embodiments of this application can effectively improve decoding success rates of data that is of different users and that is transmitted on a same resource.

Abstract: This application provides a data transmission method and an apparatus. The method includes: sending, by a first device, first indication information, where the first indication information is used to indicate a time-frequency resource of a first reference signal, and the first reference signal is used to perform channel estimation on retransmitted data of first data; and sending, by the first device, the retransmitted data.

Abstract: This application provides a data transmission method, a terminal device, and a network device. The method includes: sending, by a terminal device, first information to a network device, where the first information is used to indicate a first channel quality indicator (CQI) corresponding to a first block error rate; and sending, by the terminal device, second information to the network device by using radio resource control (RRC) signaling or media access control (MAC) signaling, where the second information is used to indicate a difference between the first CQI and a second CQI, the second CQI is a CQI corresponding to a second block error rate, and the first block error rate is greater than the second block error rate.

Abstract: This application provides a data transmission method, a terminal device, and a network device. The method includes: sending, by a terminal device, first information to a network device, where the first information is used to indicate a first channel quality indicator (CQI) corresponding to a first block error rate; and sending, by the terminal device, second information to the network device by using radio resource control (RRC) signaling or media access control (MAC) signaling, where the second information is used to indicate a difference between the first CQI and a second CQI, the second CQI is a CQI corresponding to a second block error rate, and the first block error rate is greater than the second block error rate.

Abstract: This application provides a data transmission method and an apparatus. The method includes: sending, by a first device, first indication information, where the first indication information is used to indicate a time-frequency resource of a first reference signal, and the first reference signal is used to perform channel estimation on retransmitted data of first data; and sending, by the first device, the retransmitted data.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present application provide a data transmission method, relate to the field of communications technologies, to improve data transmission efficiency while ensuring a transmission latency. The method includes: sending, by the terminal, a first transport block to a radio access device for X times by using a shared resource that is configured by the radio access device for at least one terminal, where the terminal is one of the at least one terminal, and X>0; determining, by the terminal, a dedicated resource allocated by the radio access device to the terminal; and sending, by the terminal, the first transport block to the radio access device for Y times by using a target resource, where the target resource includes the dedicated resource, and Y?0.

Abstract: Embodiments of this application provide a data processing method, a base station, and a terminal. A base station receive first data from a first terminal on a first resource, and receive second data from the first terminal and third data from a second terminal on a second resource, where a modulation order of the second data is lower than a modulation order of the first data, and/or a code rate of the second data is less than a code rate of the first data, and/or a transmit power of the second data is less than a transmit power of the first data. The base station demodulates and decodes the first data, the second data and the third data. Therefore, the embodiments of this application can effectively improve decoding success rates of data that is of different users and that is transmitted on a same resource.