Abstract: A reusable liquid chromatographic column consists of three parts, a column body with an integral outlet port molded on one end, a sealing insert with an inlet port, and a perforated cap providing downward force to compress the sealing insert into the column body. A wedge-like seal is employed to seal the connection between the sealing insert and the column body. Two filters on both ends of the column body are used to prevent escape of packing materials from the column chamber under pressure. Hand tightening is adequate to seal the connection by screwing the perforated cap onto the column body. The column is reusable due to its simple disassembling and reassembling processes. It is also disposable due to its inexpensive fabricating materials and manufacturing process.

Abstract: A reusable liquid chromatographic column consists of three parts, a column body with an integral outlet port molded on one end, a sealing insert with an inlet port, and a perforated cap providing downward force to compress the sealing insert into the column body. A wedge-like seal is employed to seal the connection between the sealing insert and the column body. Two filters on both ends of the column body are used to prevent escape of packing materials from the column chamber under pressure. Hand tightening is adequate to seal the connection by screwing the perforated cap onto the column body. The column is reusable due to its simple disassembling and reassembling processes. It is also disposable due to its inexpensive fabricating materials and manufacturing process.

Abstract: A reusable liquid chromatographic column consists of three parts, a column body with an integral outlet port molded on one end, a sealing insert with an inlet port, and a perforated cap providing downward force to compress the sealing insert into the column body. A wedge-like seal is employed to seal the connection between the sealing insert and the column body. Two filters on both ends of the column body are used to prevent escape of packing materials from the column chamber under pressure. Hand tightening is adequate to seal the connection by screwing the perforated cap onto the column body. The column is reusable due to its simple disassembling and reassembling processes. It is also disposable due to its inexpensive fabricating materials and manufacturing process.

Abstract: The process disclosed herein satisfies the need in the art for an industrially viable oxidative carbonylation catalytic system, and is capable of producing carbamates at a significantly higher rate than those processes reported in journal and patent literature. This reaction process takes place via a reaction mechanism that does not involve drastic conditions. Specifically, the catalytic system of the present invention employs Group VIII metal catalysts and/or copper-based catalysts with halide promoters to produce carbamates through heterogeneous oxidative carbonylation at atmospheric pressure and relatively non-drastic temperatures in a gas-solid carbonylation process.

Abstract: The process disclosed herein satisfies the need in the art for an industrially viable oxidative carbonylation catalytic system, and is capable of producing carbamates at a significantly higher rate than those processes reported in journal and patent literature. This reaction process takes place via a reaction mechanism that does not involve drastic conditions. Specifically, the catalytic system of the present invention employs Group VIII metal catalysts and/or copper-based catalysts with halide promoters to produce carbamates through heterogeneous oxidative carbonylation at atmospheric pressure and relatively non-drastic temperatures in a gas-solid carbonylation process.