Abstract: A multilayer optical element comprises a plurality of layers arranged along an optical axis, each layer having a plurality of nanostructures, wherein a size of—, and a spacing between—, the nanostructures is selected to provide a resonant response to an optical field at different wavelengths for different layers.

Abstract: A multilayer optical element comprises a plurality of layers arranged along an optical axis, each layer having a plurality of nanostructures, wherein a size of—, and a spacing between—, the nanostructures is selected to provide a resonant response to an optical field at different wavelengths for different layers.

Abstract: A system for unveiling embedded targets in printed circuit board substrates includes a micro-machining device, a sensor, and a controller. The micro-machining device removes portions of an opaque layer overlaying an alignment target in a general region in which the target should be located, and the sensor senses whether the alignment target is located at selected locations where portions of the opaque layer have been removed. In response to sensing the presence or absence of an alignment target at the selected locations, the controller directs the micro-machining device to remove additional portions of the opaque layer.

Abstract: A laser micromachining system improve the utilization of laser energy by using multiple spectral components or time-altered pulses.

Abstract: A system for unveiling embedded targets in printed circuit board substrates includes a micro-machining device, a sensor, and a controller. The micro-machining device removes portions of an opaque layer overlaying an alignment target in a general region in which the target should be located, and the sensor senses whether the alignment target is located at selected locations where portions of the opaque layer have been removed. In response to sensing the presence or absence of an alignment target at the selected locations, the controller directs the micro-machining device to remove additional portions of the opaque layer.

Abstract: A laser micromachining system improve the utilization of laser energy by using multiple spectral components or time-altered pulses.

Abstract: The invention provides a method for performing interference measurements by observation of interference noise, including the steps of splitting an energy beam from an energy source into two beams directed into two different arms of an interferometer; using variable delay-generating means to introduce a path difference between the two arms; introducing a variable phase difference between the two arms, and recombining the two energy beams into a single beam. There is also provided an apparatus including a beam splitter in which an energy beam from an energy source is split into two arms, a variable delay unit in which a variable delay is imposed on one of the two arms, a constant delay unit imposing a constant delay on the other one of the two arms, and a recombiner in which the two arms are recombined to form a single output beam. A phase randomizer is interposed between the constant delay unit or the variable delay unit and the recombiner, to introduce a variable phase difference between the two arms.